The full repertoire of Drosophila gustatory receptors for detecting an aversive compound.

The ability to detect toxic compounds in foods is essential for animal survival. However, the minimal subunit composition of gustatory receptors required for sensing aversive chemicals in Drosophila is unknown. Here we report that three gustatory receptors, GR8a, GR66a and GR98b function together in the detection of L-canavanine, a plant-derived insecticide. Ectopic co-expression of Gr8a and Gr98b in Gr66a-expressing, bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) confers responsiveness to L-canavanine. Furthermore, misexpression of all three Grs enables salt- or sweet-sensing GRNs to respond to L-canavanine. Introduction of these Grs in sweet-sensing GRNs switches L-canavanine from an aversive to an attractive compound. Co-expression of GR8a, GR66a and GR98b in Drosophila S2 cells induces an L-canavanine-activated nonselective cation conductance. We conclude that three GRs collaborate to produce a functional L-canavanine receptor. Thus, our results clarify the full set of GRs underlying the detection of a toxic tastant that drives avoidance behaviour in an insect

CHANGE IN MUSCLE ACITIVITY DURING SKIING USING 2 SIMULATORS

This research analyzed the change in lower muscle activity during skiing using two simulators. Participants in this study were 8 male adults who held a certificate issued by the Korea Ski Instructors Association. Kinematic factors when skiing on two types of simulators were compared and analyzed. Most subjects maintained a higher value of %MVIC while repeating the positions on the Pro Ski Simulator than Skiers Edge. Efficient skiing on ski-simulators requires the maximum use of skiing time on each foot and the ability to quickly flex and extend the hip and the knee joints. Furthermore, differences between individuals exist depending on the level of ski technique and the type of simulator and it is believed that the development of an additional adjustment apparatus in the existing equipment is necessary to enable safe and effective motions

Human Resource Management Policies and Diversity Management (A Case Study on Sainsbury’s)

It is a well-known fact that, to cultivate success in the present competitive business world, an organization must realize the importance of strategic diversified human resources policies and must understand the depth of the implementation necessity of those. This study is based on the purposes of illustrating how a diversified workplace affects the performances of the individual employees, how the work group’s performances are affected and how the total organizations become affected. Motivating the employees to achieve organizational goal is no more a package to be used for years and years. Due to workforce diversity it has become a challenge for the organizations that recruit diversified workforce to manage their human resources by making them loyal and growing the team sense among them. During the last decade and already in the late 90s diversity management has started to gain quite a robust position in the human resource strategies of international companies and organizations. This has occurred largely due to the globalization and international merges, as they have influenced the movement of workers around the globe. The role of diversity management will even grow in importance and significance in the future.However to accomplish this report based on the given perimeter a regression has been conducted with the help of different variables which influence the efficiency of company by making satisfy or dissatisfy them and which derives from the efficient HR policy and the practice of diversified management. A hypothesis from the theory and appropriate strategy to test a hypothesis to accept or reject that is developed from the deductive approach. To find the things out a questionnaire has been made and surveyed, and to make the computation easier, likert scale has been adopted. Furthermore, to find out the stability and the consistency of respondent’s response a Cronbach’s Alpha test has been conducted and found the stability and consistency because all the questions resulted above .7 of standard mark. Finally the result showed that there is a positive and influential relations between dependent and independent variables as well as all the hypothesis is accepted.Eventually it can be said that diversified management and efficient human resource policy should be employed by a company to attain highest level of efficiency. Tight integration of the three dimension (individual, group, and organization) of human resource management help to remain fully active and in producing maximum output from minimum input with variant workforce environment. An important factor is diversification in getting success in today’s business and changing management can help to support the main stream of the organization. Keywords: HRM, Sainsbury, Polices, Diversity, Churchill and Iacobucc

Microstructure evolution modeling of square-diamond pass hot bar rolling of AISI 4135 steel

In this study, kinetics of the static (SRX) and metadynamic recrystallization (MDRX) of AISI4135 steel was investigated using hot torsion tests. Continuous torsion tests were carried out to determine the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The times for 50% recrystallization of SRX and MDRX were determined, respectively, by means of interrupted torsion tests. Furthermore, austenite grain size (AGS) evolution due to recrystallization (RX) was measured by optical microscopy. With the help of the evolution model established, the AGS for hot bar rolling of AISI4135 steel was predicted numerically. The predicted AGS values were compared with the results using the other model available in the literature and experimental results to verify its validity. Then, numerical predictions depending on various process parameters such as interpass time, temperature, and roll speed were made to investigate the effect of these parameters on AGS distributions for square-diamond pass rolling. Such numerical results were found to be beneficial in understanding the effect of processing conditions on the microstructure evolution better and control the rolling processes more accurately.<br /

Squeezing Limit of the Josephson Ring Modulator as a Non-Degenerate Parametric Amplifier

Two-mode squeezed vacuum states are a crucial component of quantum technologies. In the microwave domain, they can be produced by Josephson ring modulator which acts as a three-wave mixing non-degenerate parametric amplifier. Here, we solve the master equation of three bosonic modes describing the Josephson ring modulator with a novel numerical method to compute squeezing of output fields and gain at low signal power. We show that the third-order interaction from the three-wave mixing process intrinsically limits squeezing and reduces gain. Since our results are related to other general cavity-based three-wave mixing processes, these imply that any non-degenerate parametric amplifier will have an intrinsic squeezing limit in the output fields.Comment: 6+6 pages, 4 figure

Bound for Gaussian-state Quantum illumination using direct photon measurement

We present bound for quantum illumination with Gaussian state when using on-off detector or photon number resolving detector, where its performance is evaluated with signal-to-noise ratio. First, in the case of coincidence counting, the best performance is given by two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) state which outperforms coherent state and classically correlated thermal (CCT) state. However coherent state can beat the TMSV state with increasing signal mean photon number when using the on-off detector. Second, the performance is enhanced by taking Fisher information approach of all counting probabilities including non-detection events. In the Fisher information approach, the TMSV state still presents the best performance but the CCT state can beat the TMSV state with increasing signal mean photon number when using the on-off detector. We also show that displaced squeezed state exhibits the best performance in the single-mode Gaussian state.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, comments welcom

Treatment for the Lumbosacral Soft Tissue Defect after Spine Surgery

The lumbosacral area is one of the most frequently operated spine regions because of the prevalence of disease in that area. Although a lumbosacral soft tissue defect after surgery due to inflammation and other causes is rare, such soft tissue defects are difficult to treat. Therefore, suitable methods for treating lumbosacral soft tissue defects are necessary. Therefore, this study introduces a case-treated with a transverse lumbosacral rotational flap

Flavonol glycosides from the aerial parts of Aceriphyllum rossii and their antioxidant activities

The methanol extract obtained from the aerial parts ofAceriphyllum rossii (Saxifragaceae) was fractionated into ethyl acetate (EtOAc),n-BuOH and H2O layers through solvent fractionation. Repeated silica gel column chromatography of EtOAc andn-BuOH layers afforded six flavonol glycosides. They were identified as kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin,1), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin,2), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyrano-side (rutin,4), kaempferol 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (5) and quercetin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (6) on the basis of several spectral data. The antioxidant activity of the six compounds was investigated using two free radicals such as the ABTS free radical and superoxide anion radical. Compound1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the ABTS2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging method. 100 mg/L of compound1 was equivalent to 72.1±1.4 mg/L of vitamin C, and those of compounds3 and5 were equivalent to 62.7±0.5 mg/L and 54.3±1.3 mg/L of vitamin C, respectively. And in the superoxide anion radical scavenging method, compound5 exhibited the highest activity with an IC50 value of 17.6 ± 0.3 μM. In addition, some physical and spectral data of the flavonoids were confirme