Competition between s-wave order and d-wave order in holographic superconductors

We study competition between s-wave order and d-wave order through two holographic superconductor models. We find that once the coexisting phase appears, it is always thermodynamically favored, and that the coexistence phase is narrow and one condensate tends to kill the other. The phase diagram is constructed for each model in terms of temperature and the ratio of charges of two orders. We further compare the behaviors of some thermodynamic quantities, and discuss the different aspects and identical ones between two models.Comment: 3 figures added, accepted by JHE

Intertwined order and holography: the case of the parity breaking pair density wave

We present a minimal bottom-up extension of the Chern-Simons bulk action for holographic translational symmetry breaking that naturally gives rise to pair density waves. We construct stationary inhomogeneous black hole solutions in which both the U(1) symmetry and spatially translational symmetry are spontaneously broken at finite temperature and charge density. This novel solution provides a dual description of a superconducting phase intertwined with charge, current and parity orders.Comment: v3: Revised version in which the rules of effective field theory are highlighted, to appear in Phys.Rev.Let

Flavor Asymmetry of Nucleon Sea from Detailed Balance

In this study, the proton is taken as an ensemble of quark-gluon Fock states. Using the principle of detailed balance, we find $\bar{d}-\bar{u} \approx 0.124$, which is in surprisingly agreement with the experimental observation.Comment: 4 pages and no figures. Talk presented at the Third Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on "High Energy Spin Physics", Oct. 8-13, 2001, Beijing, Chin

The splenic Littoral cell angioma in China: a case report and review

Littoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare splenic vascular neoplasm that arises from the cells lining the red pulp sinuses. It is deemed to be a benign and incidental lesion. The earliest literature report of littoral cell angioma has been described by Falk. The examination of samples after splenectomy reveals similar pathological change and its change rule is summarized. However, many recent reports have described it to be a malignant tumor with congenital and immunological associations. Generally speaking, the definitive diagnosis can only be made after histological and immunohistochemical profiles. In this case report, we presented the case of a 48-year-old woman with multiple splenic LCAs. Initially, the patient was characteristics of abdominal distension, weakness and fatigue. Multiple hemangiomas were observed in the spleen through abdominal ultrasonic diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the splenomegaly with multiple round and hyperdense lesions. The patient subsequently underwent splenectomy. Postoperative histological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of LCA. Based on the presentation of this case, clinical, radiographic and pathological results of LCA as well as recent advances in our understanding of this uncommon splenic lesion were reviewed. LCA is an uncommon splenic tumor diagnosed in patients with or without abdominal discomfort. Only a few case reports regarding this kind of tumor have been published as inconsistent results. In the present paper, we have reported a case of LCA and reviewed the literature