Studies on relationship between blood pressure management and stroke in the China expert’s consensus on symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis

缺血性卒中的血压管理问题一直是颇有争议的临床问题，甚至不同的研究给出了相互矛盾的结果。随着近来坎地沙坦急性卒中试验(Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial, SCAST)和中国急性缺血性卒中的降压试验(China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke, CATIS)等一些大型随机临床对照研究结果的问世，这个问题的方向似乎越来越明晰，但仍然有些令人费解的地方。本文就症状性动脉粥样硬化颅内动脉狭窄中国专家共识中血压管理与卒中关系问题阐述了几点个人的见解，并对一些看起来矛盾的问题给出了相关的解释。通过分析提出，动脉内膜易损病变对缺血性卒中血压管理中可能存在的J曲线现象发挥一定作用，血压对卒中风险的影响可能因此出现拐点。对于存在症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者，要重视血管评估尤其是对动脉易损病变评估的重要性，并以此来指导制定症状性动脉粥样硬化颅内血管狭窄患者血压管理、抗动脉硬化及抗栓治疗的策略。Blood pressure management of ischemic stroke has been a controversial clinical problem, and even different studies contradict each other. With the recent advent of some large randomized-controlled clinical trials studies such as Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial (SCAST) and China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS), the direction of the problem seems to be more and more clearer, but there still exists somewhat puzzling issues. This article elaborates some personal opinion on relationship between blood pressure management and stroke in China expert’s consensus on symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, and provides the corresponding interpretations on seemingly contradictory issues. Arterial intimal vulnerable lesion might play a role in the J-curve phenomenon which may exist in the blood pressure management of ischemic stroke. The effect of blood pressure on risk of stroke may therefore present a turning point. For patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, the importance of vascular assessment, especially arterial intimal vulnerable lesion assessment should be paid more attention to, which should be of assistance of making the therapy strategy of blood pressure management, anti-atherogenic and antithrombotic for the patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis

Holographic Turbulence in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity at Large DD

We study the holographic hydrodynamics in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet(EGB) gravity in the framework of the large $D$ expansion. We find that the large $D$ EGB equations can be interpreted as the hydrodynamic equations describing the conformal fluid. These fluid equations are truncated at the second order of the derivative expansion, similar to the Einstein gravity at large $D$. From the analysis of the fluid flows, we find that the fluid equations can be taken as a variant of the compressible version of the non-relativistic Navier-Stokes equations. Particularly, in the limit of small Mach number, these equations could be cast into the form of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with redefined Reynolds number and Mach number. By using numerical simulation, we find that the EGB holographic turbulence shares similar qualitative feature as the turbulence from the Einstein gravity, despite the presence of two extra terms in the equations of motion. We analyze the effect of the GB term on the holographic turbulence in detail.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figure

Genetically engineered pre-microRNA-34a prodrug suppresses orthotopic osteosarcoma xenograft tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children, and microRNA-34a (miR-34a) replacement therapy represents a new treatment strategy. This study was to define the effectiveness and safety profiles of a novel bioengineered miR-34a prodrug in orthotopic OS xenograft tumor mouse model. Highly purified pre-miR-34a prodrug significantly inhibited the proliferation of human 143B and MG-63 cells in a dose dependent manner and to much greater degrees than controls, which was attributed to induction of apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of OS cell growth and invasion were associated with release of high levels of mature miR-34a from pre-miR-34a prodrug and consequently reduction of protein levels of many miR-34a target genes including SIRT1, BCL2, c-MET, and CDK6. Furthermore, intravenous administration of in vivo-jetPEI formulated miR-34a prodrug significantly reduced OS tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition, mouse blood chemistry profiles indicated that therapeutic doses of bioengineered miR-34a prodrug were well tolerated in these animals. The results demonstrated that bioengineered miR-34a prodrug was effective to control OS tumor growth which involved the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, supporting the development of bioengineered RNAs as a novel class of large molecule therapeutic agents

Are gravitational wave ringdown echoes always equal-interval ?

Gravitational wave (GW) ringdown waveforms may contain "echoes" that encode new physics in the strong gravity regime. It is commonly assumed that the new physics gives rise to the GW echoes whose intervals are constant. We point out that this assumption is not always applicable. In particular, if the post-merger object is initially a wormhole, which slowly pinches off and eventually collapses into a black hole, the late-time ringdown waveform exhibit a series of echoes whose intervals are increasing with time. We also assess how this affects the ability of Advanced LIGO/Virgo to detect these new signals.Comment: 10 pages,5 figure

Brassica juncea polysaccharides induce apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells via mitochondrial- and caspasedependent apoptosis pathways

Purpose: To determine the effect of polysaccharides from Gleditsia on apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells, and the mechanism involved.Methods: Polysaccharides were extracted from Lycium barbarum, and their concentration was more than 85 %. Then, DLD-1 cells were cultured in medium with the polysaccharides at concentrations of 75 and 150 μg/mL. Cell proliferation was determined with MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5- diphenytetrazoliumromide) assay and colony formation assay, while apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry. Changes in MMP were measured flow cytometrically. The protein levels of PARP, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspases 3 and 9 were determined with Western blot assay.Results: Cell viability decreased time-dependently. Compared with control without polysaccharide exposure, cell viability, colony forming cells, % apoptosis, red: green fluorescence ratio, and bcl-2 expression were significantly and concentration-dependently decreased, while the expression levels of PARP, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-8 were significantly increased (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results indicate that the polysaccharides suppressed apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways. Gleditsia polysaccharide may be used as an adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer

基于混沌理论探讨太极拳运动对高血压的防治作用

In this paper,review and analysis of  the fluctuations of blood pressure and pathogenesis of hypertension were presented a review and analysed based on chaos theory. At the same time, we interpreted philosophically the special concept of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of prevention and treatment of Tai Chi Chuan on hypertension was reviewed on the basis of clinical research literature.本文运用混沌理论对血压波动和高血压的发生机制进行了简单的回顾与分析，同时对太极拳运动的特殊理念进行了哲学阐释。在此基础上结合临床研究文献进一步综述了太极拳防治高血压的可能机制

Discussing the generalized model of cerebral infarction based on the perforating artery-neural tissue units

本文对穿支动脉的概念进行了新的认识，并对穿支动脉病的内涵进行了推广，进而提出了以穿支动脉-神经组织单元为脑梗死基本病变单位的医学假设，有助于引发对脑梗死模式分型的新的思考。本文突破常规的思维模式，基于穿支动脉病变单元对经典脑梗死模式分型进行了再解析，将脑梗死模式分为单穿支动脉病、多穿支动脉病、泛穿支动脉病三类。该分型有助于从新的视角认识脑梗死的形成，并有助于将脑梗死影像学模式特征蕴含的信息用于指导脑梗死的病因分型、发病机制的把握和治疗方案的选择。 This paper anatomizes the definition of perforating artery disease, and generalizes the connotation of perforating artery. Then a medical hypothesis is proposed that the perforating artery-neural tissue units can be regarded as basic unit for the formation of cerebral infarction, which contributes to arouse new thinking of cerebral infarction model. This paper breaks through conventional mode of thinking and analyzes the models of cerebral infarction based on the perforating artery-neural tissue units. The models of cerebral infarction were finally classified into three categories: single-perforating artery disease, multi-perforating artery disease and extensive-perforating artery disease. This classification would contribute to understand the formation of cerebral infarction from a new perspective, and to use the characteristics information of cerebral infarction image model to guide the etiology classification of cerebral infarction, pathogenesis understanding and treatment options