Matching the Quasi Parton Distribution in a Momentum Subtraction Scheme

The quasi parton distribution is a spatial correlation of quarks or gluons along the $z$ direction in a moving nucleon which enables direct lattice calculations of parton distribution functions. It can be defined with a nonperturbative renormalization in a regularization independent momentum subtraction scheme (RI/MOM), which can then be perturbatively related to the collinear parton distribution in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme. Here we carry out a direct matching from the RI/MOM scheme for the quasi-PDF to the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ PDF, determining the non-singlet quark matching coefficient at next-to-leading order in perturbation theory. We find that the RI/MOM matching coefficient is insensitive to the ultraviolet region of convolution integral, exhibits improved perturbative convergence when converting between the quasi-PDF and PDF, and is consistent with a quasi-PDF that vanishes in the unphysical region as the proton momentum $P^z\to \infty$, unlike other schemes. This direct approach therefore has the potential to improve the accuracy for converting quasi-distribution lattice calculations to collinear distributions.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Short-Term Impact of Cap-and-Trade Climate Policy and Agricultural Adjustment

Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade,

Producer Preference for Land-Based Biological Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: An Economic Inquiry

This study was intended to develop an understanding of producer preference for land-based carbon sequestration in agriculture. We conducted a mail survey to elicit producer choice to provide marketable carbon offsets by participating in different carbon credit programs characterized by varying practices. Based on a quantitative analysis, we found that: 1) the market price for carbon offsets could increase producer participation in carbon sequestration; 2) producers perceived differentially different but correlated private costs for adopting carbon sequestering practices, depending on production attributes; and 3) relatively high carbon prices would be needed to stimulate producer provision of carbon offsets by land-based carbon sequestration activities. A simulation of producer choice with agricultural census data estimated potential carbon offsets supply in the Northern Great Plains region. This study contributes to the economic understanding of agricultural potential for greenhouse gas mitigation.greenhouse gas, carbon sequestration, producer stated preferences, agriculture, economics, carbon offsets, carbon markets, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q54, Q52, Q58,

Identifying the Impact of Weather Variation on Crop Yield in the Northern Plains

weather, production, crop yield, agriculture, economics, Crop Production/Industries, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CAP-AND-TRADE CLIMATE POLICY ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS: A POLICY SIMULATION WITH FARMER PREFERENCES AND ADAPTATION

The purpose of this study is to examine the possible local impacts of cap-and-trade climate policy on agricultural producers in the Northern Plains. This study explicitly considers farmer behavior with respect to agricultural opportunity in carbon offset provision and ability of adaptation to mitigate the production cost impact under a cap-and-trade climate policy. Based on empirically estimated farmer behavior models, a policy simulation with agricultural census data identifies farmer acreage enrollment in carbon offset provision, carbon offset supplies and revenues, the production cost impacts of carbon prices, and impacts on net farm income and their distributions among heterogeneous farmers. Our analysis find that: 1) farmer ex ante preferences in general are biased against participating in carbon credit programs although farmer involvement increases with carbon prices; 2) with the fertilizer industry exempted from cap-and-trade regulation, the production cost impacts would be small, and more than half of the farms or farmland would probably gain for a carbon price higher than $10 per metric ton of carbon; and 3) the production cost impacts with a capped fertilizer industry would be 2 times higher, and more than half of the farms or farmland would lose unless the carbon price could reach beyond$55 per metric ton of carbon. This study sheds some light on agricultural potential to adapt to economy-wide climate change mitigation while providing a bottom-up economic assessment of the costs and benefits of a cap-and-trade climate policy to agricultural producers in the short run.greenhouse gas, cap-and-trade, climate change, agricultural impact, economics, carbon offsets, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

How Would Cap-and-Trade Climate Policy Affect Agricultural Producers in North Dakota? An Economic Analysis

The purpose of this study is to examine the possible impacts of cap-and-trade climate policy on agricultural producers in North Dakota. In this study, we focused on carbon sequestration potential and production cost impacts of carbon prices, and explicitly considered farmer preferences and adaptation behavior to estimate the benefits and costs of greenhouse gas cap-and-trade. Based on empirically estimated farmer behavior models, a policy simulation with agricultural census data identified farmer acreage allocation for carbon sequestration, carbon offset supplies and revenues, the production cost impacts of carbon prices, and impacts on net farm income and their distributions among heterogeneous farmers. Our analysis found that: 1) farmer ex ante preferences in general were biased against carbon sequestration participation although farmer involvement increased with carbon prices; 2) with the fertilizer industry exempted from cap-and-trade regulation, the production cost impact would be small, and more than half of the farms would gain with a carbon price possibly greater than $10 per metric ton of carbon; and 3) the production cost impact with a capped fertilizer industry would be 2 times higher, and more than half of the farms or farmland would lose unless the carbon price could reach more than$55 per metric ton of carbon.cap-and-trade, climate change, agricultural impacts, economics, carbon sequestration, Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics,

Assessing the Impact of Cap-and-Trade Climate Legislation on Agriculture in the Northern Plains: A Policy Simulation with Farmer Preference and Adaption

cap-and-trade, carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, agricultural impact, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Existence of negative differential thermal conductance in one-dimensional diffusive thermal transport

We show that in a finite one-dimensional (1D) system with diffusive thermal transport described by the Fourier's law, negative differential thermal conductance (NDTC) cannot occur when the temperature at one end is fixed. We demonstrate that NDTC in this case requires the presence of junction(s) with temperature dependent thermal contact resistance (TCR). We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of NDTC in terms of the properties of the TCR for systems with a single junction. We show that under certain circumstances we even could have infinite (negative or positive) differential thermal conductance in the presence of the TCR. Our predictions provide theoretical basis for constructing NDTC-based devices, such as thermal amplifiers, oscillators and logic devices

Two-photon Exchange Corrections to Single Spin Asymmetry of Neutron and 3^3He

In a simple hadronic model, the two-photon exchange contributions to the single spin asymmetries for the nucleon and the $^3$He are estimated. The results show that the elastic contributions of two-photon exchange to the the single spin asymmetries for the nucleon are rather small while those for the $^3$He are relatively large. Besides the strong angular dependence, the two-photon contributions to the single spin asymmetry for the $^3$He are very sensitive to the momentum transfer.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure