Experimental verification of the commutation relation for Pauli spin operators using single-photon quantum interference

We report experimental verification of the commutation relation for Pauli spin operators using quantum interference of the single-photon polarization state. By superposing the quantum operations $\sigma_z \sigma_x$ and $\sigma_x \sigma_z$ on a single-photon polarization state, we have experimentally implemented the commutator, $[\sigma_{z}, \sigma_{x}]$, and the anticommutator, $\{\sigma_{z}, \sigma_{x}\}$, and have demonstrated the relative phase factor of $\pi$ between $\sigma_z \sigma_x$ and $\sigma_x \sigma_z$ operations. The experimental quantum operation corresponding to the commutator, $[\sigma_{z}, \sigma_{x}]=k\sigma_y$, showed process fidelity of 0.94 compared to the ideal $\sigma_y$ operation and $|k|$ is determined to be $2.12\pm0.18$.Comment: 4pages, 3 figure

Realizing Physical Approximation of the Partial Transpose

The partial transpose by which a subsystem's quantum state is solely transposed is of unique importance in quantum information processing from both fundamental and practical point of view. In this work, we present a practical scheme to realize a physical approximation to the partial transpose using local measurements on individual quantum systems and classical communication. We then report its linear optical realization and show that the scheme works with no dependence on local basis of given quantum states. A proof-of-principle demonstration of entanglement detection using the physical approximation of the partial transpose is also reported.Comment: 5 pages with appendix, 3 figure

Nutritional compositions and antioxidant activities of non-polar and polar extracts of germinated brown rice

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional compositions and antioxidant activities (AA) of non-polar and polar extracts of germinated brown rice (GBR). Nutritional compositions such as moisture, ash, carbohydrate, fat, protein and fibre were determined. Energy and minerals content were determined by using bomb calorimetry and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminium chloride colorimetric method. The AA was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and [2,2′-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, and β-carotene bleaching assay. Total energy content of GBR sample was 390.95±11.31 kcal/100g and carbohydrate (54.30±1.04 g/100 g) was the most abundant nutrient. The predominant minerals in the GBR sample were sodium, potassium and magnesium. The polar extract showed significantly higher (p0.90, p<0.001) existed between antioxidants (TPC and TFC) and AA. Therefore, polar extract was better than non-polar extract. The nutritional composition of GBR also provided an update for food composition database

Experimental Implementation of the Universal Transpose Operation

The universal transpose of quantum states is an anti-unitary transformation that is not allowed in quantum theory. In this work, we investigate approximating the universal transpose of quantum states of two-level systems (qubits) using the method known as the structural physical approximation to positive maps. We also report its experimental implementation in linear optics. The scheme is optimal in that the maximal fidelity is attained and also practical as measurement and preparation of quantum states that are experimentally feasible within current technologies are solely applied.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

A review of sensor technology and sensor fusion methods for map-based localization of service robot

Service robot is currently gaining traction, particularly in hospitality, geriatric care and healthcare industries. The navigation of service robots requires high adaptability, flexibility and reliability. Hence, map-based navigation is suitable for service robot because of the ease in updating changes in environment and the flexibility in determining a new optimal path. For map-based navigation to be robust, an accurate and precise localization method is necessary. Localization problem can be defined as recognizing the robot’s own position in a given environment and is a crucial step in any navigational process. Major difficulties of localization include dynamic changes of the real world, uncertainties and limited sensor information. This paper presents a comparative review of sensor technology and sensor fusion methods suitable for map-based localization, focusing on service robot applications

Work type II first branchial cleft cyst: a rare anomaly with a classical presentation

First branchial cleft cysts are rare and can present as a diagnostic challenge to the physician. There can be frequent misdiagnoses, leading to a delay in treatment. This may result in mismanagement, causing an increased rate of recurrence. Moreover, their close relationship to the facial nerve would necessitate the exposure and preservation of the facial nerve. We report a case of a patient with the classical presentation of a Work type II branchial cleft cyst. Imaging showed a lesion just adjacent to the external auditory canal. Intraoperatively, a cartilagelined blind-ending sac with hair-bearing contents duplicating the external auditory canal was found. The case highlights the need to consider the diagnosis of first branchial cleft anomaly especially in the presence of cysts and sinuses within the region of the parotid and the upper neck. Complete surgical excision would be the mainstay of treatment to prevent future recurrence.Keywords: branchial cleft cyst, branchial anomaly, branchial fistula, congenital defects, pediatric neck mas

Effect of germinated brown rice extracts on pancreatic lipase, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Background: This study investigated anti-obesity effects of seven different solvent (n-hexane, toluene, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate, absolute methanol, 80% methanol and deionized water) extracts of germinated brown rice (GBR) on pancreatic lipase activity, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: GBR were extracted separately by employing different solvents with ultrasound-assisted. Pancreatic lipase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB) to p-nitrophenol at 405 nm. Adipogenesis and lipolysis were assayed in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by using Oil Red O staining and glycerol release measurement. Results: GBR extract using hexane showed the highest inhibitory effect (13.58 ± 0.860%) at concentration of 200 μg/ml followed by hexane extract at 100 μg/ml (9.98 ± 1.048%) while ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest (2.62 ± 0.677%) at concentration of 200 μg/ml on pancreatic lipase activity. Water extract at 300 μg/ml showed 61.55 ± 3.824% of Oil Red O staining material (OROSM), a marker of adipogenesis. It significantly decrease (p < 0.05) lipid accumulation than control (OROSM = 100%), follow by ethyl acetate extract at 300 μg/ml (OROSM = 65.17 ± 3.131%). All the GBR extracts induced lipolysis with 1.22-1.83 fold of greater glycerol release than control. Conclusions: GBR extracts especially the least polar and intermediate polar solvent extracts exhibited inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, decrease fat accumulation by adipocyte differentiation inhibition, and stimulate lipolysis on adipocytes. Therefore, GBR could be furthered study and developed as a functional food in helping the treatment and/or prevention of obesity

Nondestructive discrimination of Bell states between distant parties

Identifying Bell state without destroying it is frequently dealt with in nowadays quantum technologies such as quantum communication and quantum computing. In practice, quantum entangled states are often distributed among distant parties, and it might be required to determine them separately at each location, without inline communication between parties. We present a scheme for discriminating an arbitrary Bell state distributed to two distant parties without destroying it. The scheme requires two entangled states that are pre-shared between the parties, and we show that without these ancillary resources, the probability of non-destructively discriminating the Bell state is bounded by 1/4, which is the same as random guessing. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment through an IonQ quantum computer that our scheme can surpass classical bounds when applied to practical quantum processor.Comment: 9 pages including Appendix, 7 figures and 2 table