Alimentación mediterránea, riesgo cardiovascular, metabolismo de la glucosa e inflamación

En los últimos años diversos estudios han propuesto que un patrón mediterráneo tradicional, podría ser una fuente importante de nutrientes moduladores de la inflamación, protegiendo al organismo de diabetes, síndrome metabólico y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los resultados derivados de la presente tesis han mostrado mediante un estudio transversal sobre una población de alto riesgo cardiovascular, que la alta ingesta de aceite de oliva, frutos secos, frutas y cereales se asoció con bajas concentraciones de marcadores relacionados con la función endotelial. Además, mediante un estudio de intervención aleatorizado de un año de duración realizado sobre sujetos no diabéticos de PREDIMED de Reus, la adscripción a una dieta Mediterránea tradicional suplementada con aceite de oliva virgen o frutos secos disminuyó la incidencia de prediabetes, diabetes y síndrome metabólico, respecto a una dieta Control. Esto sugiere que la dieta Mediterránea tradicional puede ser una herramienta útil para prevenir estas patologías y por tanto reducir el riesgo de aparición de enfermedades cardiovasculares.In the last years some studies have proposed that a Mediterranean traditional pattern, might be an important source of nutrients capable of modulating of the inflammation, protecting the organism of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The results derived from the present thesis by means of a cross-sectional study in a population of high cardiovascular risk, the high intake of olive oil, nuts, fruits and cereals associated with low concentrations of inflammatory markers related to the function endothelial. Furthermore, by means randomised clinical trial of a year of duration performed in subjects non-diabetics, the adherence to a Mediterranean traditional diet supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts decreased the incidence of prediabetes, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, compared with a Control diet. This suggests that the Mediterranean traditional diet can be a useful strategy for the prevention of these pathologies and therefore to reduce the risk of appearance of cardiovascular diseases

The Relevance of Selenium Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that can cause joint damage. Among the environmental risk factors, diet plays an important role because it can aggravate or attenuate inflammation. Selenium (Se) is considered an essential trace element since it is a structural component of antioxidant enzymes; however, its concentration can be affected by diet, drugs and genetic polymorphisms. Studies have reported that RA patients have a deficient diet in some food groups that is associated with parameters of disease activity. Furthermore, it has been shown that there is an alteration in serum Se levels in this population. Although some clinical trials have been conducted in the past to analyze the effect of Se supplementation in RA, no significant results were obtained. Contrastingly, experimental studies that have evaluated the effect of novel Se nanoparticles in RA-induced models have shown promising results on the restoration of antioxidant enzyme levels. In particular, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an important selenoprotein that could have a modulating effect on inflammation in RA. Considering that RA patients present an inflammatory and oxidative state, the aim of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge about the relevance of Se status in RA

Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects

Background: The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. Methods: We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. Quantification of intestinal bacteria was performed by real-time PCR. Endotoxin units were determined with the test QCL-1000, and biochemical profile was performed under a standard protocol of Spinreact. Results: Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). In obese subjects body temperature was higher than in normal-weight subjects. We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p E. coli was associated with an increased risk of lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml. A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. Conclusion: Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons