3,774 research outputs found
Strings in five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space with a symmetry
The equation of motion of an extended object in spacetime reduces to an
ordinary differential equation in the presence of symmetry. By properly
defining of the symmetry with notion of cohomogeneity, we discuss the method
for classifying all these extended objects. We carry out the classification for
the strings in the five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space by the effective use
of the local isomorphism between \SO(4,2) and \SU(2,2). We present a
general method for solving the trajectory of the Nambu-Goto string and apply to
a case obtained by the classification, thereby find a new solution which has
properties unique to odd-dimensional anti-de Sitter spaces. The geometry of the
solution is analized and found to be a timelike helicoid-like surface
Fast multipole networks
Two prerequisites for robotic multiagent systems are mobility and
communication. Fast multipole networks (FMNs) enable both ends within a unified
framework. FMNs can be organized very efficiently in a distributed way from
local information and are ideally suited for motion planning using artificial
potentials. We compare FMNs to conventional communication topologies, and find
that FMNs offer competitive communication performance (including higher network
efficiency per edge at marginal energy cost) in addition to advantages for
mobility
Infrared absorption and Raman scattering on coupled plasmon--phonon modes in superlattices
We consider theoretically a superlattice formed by thin conducting layers
separated spatially between insulating layers. The dispersion of two coupled
phonon-plasmon modes of the system is analyzed by using Maxwell's equations,
with the influence of retardation included. Both transmission for the finite
plate as well as absorption for the semi-infinite superlattice in the infrared
are calculated. Reflectance minima are determined by the longitudinal and
transverse phonon frequencies in the insulating layers and by the density-state
singularities of the coupled modes. We evaluate also the Raman cross section
from the semi-infinite superlattice.Comment: 20 pages,14 figure
Structure of a thermal quasifermion in the QCD/QED Medium
In this paper we carried out a nonperturbative analysis of a thermal
quasifermion in the chiral symmetric thermal QCD/QED medium by studying its
self-energy function through the Dyson-Schwinger equation with the
hard-thermal-loop resummed improved ladder kernel. Our analysis reveals several
interesting results, two in some of which may force us to change the image of
thermal quasifermions: (1) The thermal mass of a quasifermion begins to
decrease as the strength of the coupling gets stronger and finally disappears
in the strong coupling region, thus showing a property of a massless particle,
and (2) its imaginary part (i.e., the decay width) persists to have behavior. These results suggest that in the recently produced
strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma, the thermal mass of a quasiquark should
vanish. Taking into account the largeness of the imaginary part, it seems very
hard for a quark to exist as a qausiparticle in the strongly coupled
quark-gluon plasma phase. Other important findings are as follows: (3) The
collective plasmino mode disappears also in the strongly coupled system, and
(4) there exists an ultrasoft third peak in the quasifermion spectral density
at least in the weakly coupled QED/QCD plasma, indicating the existence of the
ultrasoft fermionic mode.Comment: 20 pages, 28 figure
Iwasawa N=8 Attractors
Starting from the symplectic construction of the Lie algebra e_7(7) due to
Adams, we consider an Iwasawa parametrization of the coset E_7(7)/SU(8), which
is the scalar manifold of N=8, d=4 supergravity. Our approach, and the manifest
off-shell symmetry of the resulting symplectic frame, is determined by a
non-compact Cartan subalgebra of the maximal subgroup SL(8,R) of E_7(7). In
absence of gauging, we utilize the explicit expression of the Lie algebra to
study the origin of E_7(7)/SU(8) as scalar configuration of a 1/8-BPS extremal
black hole attractor. In such a framework, we highlight the action of a U(1)
symmetry spanning the dyonic 1/8-BPS attractors. Within a suitable
supersymmetry truncation allowing for the embedding of the Reissner-Nordstrom
black hole, this U(1) is interpreted as nothing but the global R-symmetry of
pure N=2 supergravity. Moreover, we find that the above mentioned U(1) symmetry
is broken down to a discrete subgroup Z_4, implying that all 1/8-BPS Iwasawa
attractors are non-dyonic near the origin of the scalar manifold. We can trace
this phenomenon back to the fact that the Cartan subalgebra of SL(8,R) used in
our construction endows the symplectic frame with a manifest off-shell
covariance which is smaller than SL(8,R) itself. Thus, the consistence of the
Adams-Iwasawa symplectic basis with the action of the U(1) symmetry gives rise
to the observed Z_4 residual non-dyonic symmetry.Comment: 1+26 page
Mature natural killer cell and lymphoid tissue–inducing cell development requires Id2-mediated suppression of E protein activity
The Id2 transcriptional repressor is essential for development of natural killer (NK) cells, lymphoid tissue–inducing (LTi) cells, and secondary lymphoid tissues. Id2 was proposed to regulate NK and LTi lineage specification from multipotent progenitors through suppression of E proteins. We report that NK cell progenitors are not reduced in the bone marrow (BM) of Id2−/− mice, demonstrating that Id2 is not essential for NK lineage specification. Rather, Id2 is required for development of mature (m) NK cells. We define the mechanism by which Id2 functions by showing that a reduction in E protein activity, through deletion of E2A, overcomes the need for Id2 in development of BM mNK cells, LTi cells, and secondary lymphoid tissues. However, mNK cells are not restored in the blood or spleen of Id2−/−E2A−/− mice, suggesting a role for Id2 in suppression of alternative E proteins after maturation. Interestingly, the few splenic mNK cells in Id2−/− and Id2−/−E2A−/− mice have characteristics of thymus-derived NK cells, which develop in the absence of Id2, implying a differential requirement for Id2 in BM and thymic mNK development. Our findings redefine the essential functions of Id2 in lymphoid development and provide insight into the dynamic regulation of E and Id proteins during this process
Effect of Au spacer layer on \u3ci\u3eL\u3c/i\u3e1\u3csub\u3e0\u3c/sub\u3e phase ordering temperature of CoPt thin films
We have studied the effect of Au on the ordering temperature of CoPt films. The coercivity of the CoPt multilayer with 2 nm Au inserted is around 5 kOe after annealing at 400 °C. This ordering temperature is about 200 °C lower than that of a pure CoPt film. Crystallographical analysis using x-ray diffraction has also revealed that the lattice constant is drastically changed around the same temperature, which is related to the formation of the L10-ordered structure. Thus, the Au plays an important role in reducing the ordering temperature
To invade or not to invade? Exploring the niche-based processes underlying the failure of a biological invasion using the invasive Chinese mitten crab
Invasive alien species represent a serious threat to global biodiversity, causing considerable damage to native ecosystems. To better assess invasion risks, it is essential to better understand the biological processes that determine the success or failure of invasions. The catadromous Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, whose native distribution is the Pacific Coast of China and Korea, has successfully invaded and established populations in North America and Europe. In Japan, where E. sinensis is also regarded as potentially invasive and multiple introduction vectors exist, the species is not yet established. These settings can be used to explore niche-based processes underlying the apparent failure of a biological invasion. We first quantified native and invasive realized niches of E. sinensis in freshwater habitats using geometrical n-dimensional hypervolumes. Based on the assumption of niche conservatism, we then projected habitat suitability of this species in Japan using species distribution models (SDMs) calibrated with distinct sets of distribution data: native occurrences, invasive occurrences, and both. Results showed that E. sinensis has undergone either niche shifts or niche contractions during invasions in different areas of the world. Projections from SDMs indicate that although part of Japan is suitable for E. sinensis, this does not include the freshwater habitats around the Ariake Sea, which is considered to be a suitable marine environment for E. sinensis larvae. The mismatch between suitable freshwater and marine environments provides a possible explanation for the failure of establishment of E. sinensis in Japan to date. Our findings have useful general implications for the interpretation of biological invasions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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