Unique arrangement of bone matrix orthogonal to osteoblast alignment controlled by Tspan11-mediated focal adhesion assembly

During tissue construction, cells coordinate extracellular matrix (ECM)assembly depending on the cellular arrangement. The traditional understanding of the relationship between the ECM and cells is limited to the orientation-matched interaction between them. Indeed, it is commonly accepted that the bone matrix (collagen/apatite)is formed along osteoblast orientation. Nonetheless, our recent findings are contrary to the above theory; osteoblasts on nanogrooves organize formation of the bone matrix perpendicular to cell orientation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the orthogonal organization of bone matrix are still unknown. Here, we show that mature fibrillar focal adhesions (FAs)facilitate the perpendicular arrangement between cells and bone matrix. The osteoblasts aligned along nanogrooves expressed highly mature fibrillar FAs mediated by integrin clustering. Microarray analysis revealed that Tspan11, a member of the transmembrane tetraspanin protein family, was upregulated in cells on the nanogrooved surface compared with that in cells on isotropic, flat, or rough surfaces. Tspan11 silencing significantly disrupted osteoblast alignment and further construction of aligned bone matrix orthogonal to cell orientation. Our results demonstrate that the unique bone matrix formation orthogonal to cell alignment is facilitated by FA maturation. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to show that FA assembly mediated by Tspan11 determines the direction of bone matrix organization.Nakanishi Y., Matsugaki A., Kawahara K., et al. Unique arrangement of bone matrix orthogonal to osteoblast alignment controlled by Tspan11-mediated focal adhesion assembly. Biomaterials, 209, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.016

A Role for KLF4 in Promoting the Metabolic Shift via TCL1 during Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation

Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is accompanied by morphological, functional, and metabolic alterations before acquisition of full pluripotency. Although the genome-wide effects of the reprogramming factors on gene expression are well documented, precise mechanisms by which gene expression changes evoke phenotypic responses remain to be determined. We used a Sendai virus-based system that permits reprogramming to progress in a strictly KLF4-dependent manner to screen for KLF4 target genes that are critical for the progression of reprogramming. The screening identified Tcl1 as a critical target gene that directs the metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. KLF4-induced TCL1 employs a two-pronged mechanism, whereby TCL1 activates AKT to enhance glycolysis and counteracts PnPase to diminish oxidative phosphorylation. These regulatory mechanisms described here highlight a central role for a reprogramming factor in orchestrating the metabolic shift toward the acquisition of pluripotency during iPSC generation

イオン液体中におけるポリマーブラシ付与微粒子の自己組識化に関する基礎と応用研究

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第21124号工博第4488号新制||工||1697(附属図書館)京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻(主査)教授 辻井 敬亘, 教授 山子 茂, 教授 竹中 幹人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

Investigation of Detection Characteristics of Finger Pressure and Touch Area and Their Application to Pre-classifiers in Writer Verification

We propose a highly convenient authentication system, that requires a user to write a simple symbol on a touch-panel display of a smartphone and/or tablet terminal. The detection characteristics of the finger pressure and finger touch area on a touch-panel display are investigated since they are expected to be individual features that are independent from the written shapes. As a result, the exact pressure and contact area values are not detected but it is confirmed that the values corresponding to the pressure and the contact area are measured on the touch panel screen. Moreover, we propose to use the extracted features as pre-classifiers and apply them to writer verification. The verification performance is confirmed to be improved by the proposed classifier

Augmented Experiment: Participatory Design with Multiagent Simulation

To test large scale socially embedded systems, this paper proposes a multiagent-based participatory design that consists of two steps; 1) participatory simulation, where scenario-guided agents and human-controlled avatars coexist in a shared virtual space and jointly perform simulations, and the extension of the participatory simulation into the 2) augmented experiment, where an experiment is performed in real space by human subjects enhanced by a large scale multiagent simulation. The augmented experiment, proposed in this paper, consist of 1) various sensors to collect the real world activities of human subjects and project them into the virtual space, 2) multiagent simulations to simulate human activities in the virtual space, and 3) communication channels to inform simulation status to human subjects in the real space. To create agent and interaction models incrementally from the participatory design process, we propose the participatory design loop that uses deductive machine learning technologies. Indoor and outdoor augmented experiments have been actually conducted in the city of Kyoto. Both experiments were intended to test new disaster evacuation systems based on mobile phones.