Deteksi Teks Secara Otomatis Pada Natural Image Berbasis Superpixel Menggunakan Maximally Stable Extremal Regions Dan Stroke Width Transform

Text detection in natural image is something to do before performing character recognition. The process of text detection plays an important role in the acquisition of information in an image. This research aims to detect text automatically in natural image based on superpixels with Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) and Stroke Width Transform (SWT). The superpixel method used is Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC). The SLIC method is used for segmenting text images into superpixel spaces. Image segmentation to superpixel aims to group pixels into homogeneous regions that capture redundant images. SLIC is a technique that effectively divides images into homogeneous regions (superpixels). Furthermore MSER is used as a feature to locate the text candidate region in a segmented image with superpixel. Then edge detection is done to validate the text area that has been found. Next, the SWT method is used to distinguish both text and non-text image regions. The dataset used is ICDAR 2003. Based on test result, MSER with superpixel is able to detect region of text in natural image. SWT is also able to recover the region which is the candidate of the text in natural image

Bahan pembelajaran diklat calon kepala sekolah/madrasah supervisi akademik

Bahan pembelajaran Supervisi Akademik ini disusun untuk membekali para calon kepala sekolah/madrasah agar dapat melaksanakan tugasnya dengan baik. Hal ini sesuai dengan tuntutan kompetensi kepala sekolah, sesuai amanat Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional nomor 13 tahun 2007, tentang Standar Kepala Sekolah/Madrasah, yang menetapkan bahwa ada lima dimensi kompetensi kepala sekolah/madrasah yaitu: kepribadian, manajerial, kewirausahaan, supervisi, dan sosial

Analysis of Trends in Emission of Criteria Air Pollutants and Human Health in an Era of Regulation

Several studies have shown the environmental and health impacts of emission of criteria air pollutants such as SO2, NOx, PM, and VOCs. These pollutants are primarily associated with acid rain, ground level ozone or smog, and formation of inhalable particulate. The present study will examine trends in emissions of these pollutants, and selected indicators of human health affected by these pollutants over the past two decades. Furthermore, the study will implement a method called linear structural relationship or causal analysis to identify the impact of factors that may affect ambient concentration of pollutants and the human health. Finally, the study will determine whether or not the changes observed over the past two decades with respect to reduction in emissions, improvements in human health indicators, and environmental expenditures are statistically significant. The study is expected to make contribution towards identification of factors or issues that policy makers and regulators should focus on and whether or not regulations have made significant difference in influencing emissions, environmental and human health risk factors.Key Words: LISREL; Path; Causal; Emissions; Environmental; Health; Time-series; Econometrics; Chow

Integrated Ecological Approach as Paradigm Shift towards Sustainability: Current Efforts and Challenges

Currently ecosystem degradation is become the main challenges of human being Conservation of resource and traditional restoration is not sufficient because of high consumption rate and limited resource left on the earth Consequently Ecological restoration become the prime option It is scientific application of restoration ecology and deals with restoring the function structure and process of ecosystem It is holistic approach with the consideration of important factors of ecological social cultural economic and policies Though different scholars attempt to describes integrated approach in Ecological restoration by combining different factors still it is marginally addressed and successful practical implementation of ecological restoration also lack This review aims to fill this gap by consider integrated ecological restoration as a paradigm shift to sustainability This paper proposed a framework by reviewing and insight 118 scientific papers The considered factors were scientific basis in restoration practice flexible plan and management action landscape perspective socioeconomic and policy dimension and Inter and Trans disciplinary approach Integrated ecological restoration is a mechanism to address ecosystem resource degradation sustainabl

Environmental Sustainability and Regulation: To-Down Versus Bottom-Up Regulation

Environmental regulation can be broadly divided into those that follow the top-down and bottom-up approaches. The two approaches have similar objective with respect to environmental protection and sustainability. However, the success with which each approach achieves goals of environmental protection and sustainability may vary. Moreover, the costs and benefits of each approach differ. The present study will explore the implication of environmental regulation to sustainability, costs associated with regulations, and alternatives with respect to using mixes of market-based instruments. The study will review top-down and bottom-up environmental regulations with the objective of identifying weakness and strength of each approach. Furthermore, the study will make recommendations on possible strategies (e.g., mixes of regulatory instruments) that will contribute toward the attainment of sustainable environment, and by implication to sustainable development.Regulation; Top-down; Bottom-up; Market-based; Performance-based; Environmental

Trends in Resource Extraction and Implications for Sustainability in Canada

There is a disagreement on the concept, definition and application of the paradigm of sustainable development. The definition that has been accepted by many involves several components, and it is difficult to measure or quantify indicators. Depending on the structure of the economy, it is possible to identify important variables and examine some aspects of sustainability. In this respect, analysis of indicators related to the extraction of natural resources seems to be appropriate for a resource-based economy. For resource-based economy such as Canada is the speed with which natural resources are extracted greatly influence patterns of growth and development. Indicators can be established to measure the progress toward to or demise of sustainability. Indicators that deal with the speed with which resources such as non-renewable energy, minerals, forests, soil, water, etc., have been utilized to examine aspects of sustainability. However, these indicators have been argued to provide less guidance for the implementation of feasible public policies unless supplemented by other kinds of analyses that relate resource use with socioeconomic parameters. The utilization of resources could be evaluated in relation to available stock as a proxy for progress toward sustainability. The extraction of resources may also cause major environmental problems due to the release of pollutants or wastes that requires an increasing amount of expenditure for environmnetal protection. This is crucial for countries such as Canada whose major export is dependent on availability of natural resources and heavily impacted by external public debt. The present study will examine stock, depletion and addition of natural resources to evaluate sustainability of consumption patterns. In addition, the consumption of these resources will be compared with selected socioeconomic indicators such as GDP, employment, etc., to anticipate whether or not these factors may have contributed to increased consumption of natural resources. Furthermore, attempts will be made to investigate the patterns of expenditure to protect the environment from wastes and pollutants. The findings of this study could serve as an early warning system with respect to depletion of resources and their consequent environmental impacts.sustainable development; extraction; natural resources; Canada; non-renewable energy; environmental protection; stock; depletion; time series; econometric

The Implication of Incorporating Environmental Costs in Utility Rate Setting

Electric and natural gas are the two major sources of energy for residents of Washington State. Several states have adopted a policy whereby utility companies decide on the choice of mixes of resources by incorporating cost effectiveness, conservation and externalities. Externalities could include the direct and indirect environmental and human health cost of using resources such as electricity and gas that are not captured by market prices. Washington State possesses diverse resources that are susceptible to wastes and emissions originating from the consumption of energy. The impact of these wastes could be spatial, short-lived or cumulative. By most accounts the overall impact of pollution on ecosystems could be far-reaching and greater than the quantifiable and monetized impacts of environmental externalities. The need to account for environmental externality becomes even stronger in situations where inter-generational equity is used as a criterion for planning long term resource requirement. Utility companies in Washington State are not required to explicitly incorporate or account for externality in the development and implementation of Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). IRPs are used by utility companies to facilitate the identification of the least-cost mixes of resources in the delivery of energy to their customers over a long planning horizon. In addition, there are no cases in which utility companies were ordered to incorporate costs of environmental externality in setting rates. The present study is intended to show the implication of explicitly incorporating externality in rate setting on i) changes in the prices of energy or utility rates, and ii) its contribution toward reducing emissions of selected pollutants. The study will explore situations under which externality estimates from other studies could be utilized to develop energy policies. Furthermore, the study will discuss ways in which increases in costs of using energy as a result of accounting for externality may be shared or accounted.Electricity; natural gas; energy; cost effectiveness; conservation; externalities; environmental and human health; Integrated Resource Plan (IRP); long planning horizon; utility rates; emissions; pollutants

Causal Relationship Between Indicators of Human Health, the Environment and Socioeconomic Variables for the OECD Countries

There has been a lot of debate regarding the impact of emissions of pollutants on human health and the environment. Epidemiological studies tend to show the impact of increased ambient concentrations of pollutants on increased hospital admissions, mortality, morbidity, respiratory problems, etc. Without controlled experiments that compare people who are exposed to contaminants to those who are not, it is impossible to predict the causes and effects with certainty. Nevertheless, estimates of human and environmental health benefits from improved air quality indicate that there are associations between ambient concentrations of contaminants, human health and environmental impacts. The present study examines the linkages between human health, environmental quality, and emission of pollutants and selected socioeconomic variables for selected OECD regions. Path or causal models will be constructed using health, socioeconomic and environmental parameters to determine the direction of causal relationships, their magnitude and possible implication for public policy making. This analysis will be performed for the OECD countries, and selected regions of the OECD (North America, the Pacific Rim, and Europe). Comparative analysis of the relationships between human health, socioeconomic and environmental variables among the OECD countries will indicate, among other things, i) whether or not environmental quality is an important determinant of human health, ii) whether or not spending on health care system is significantly influenced by indicators of health status that are included by environmental variables, and iii) which socioeconomic variables are significantly associated with indicators of human and the environment health.Interrelationship; causal linkages; socioeconomic; environmental; OECD; LISREL; modeling; air quality; energy consumption; environmental protection; emission; SO2; NOx; VOCs; economic growth; human health