Cryptanalysis of a Chaotic Communication Scheme Using Parameter Observer

This paper addresses the cryptanalysis of a secure communication scheme proposed by Wu (2006), where the information signal is modulated into a system parameter of a unified chaotic system. It is demonstrated that a parameter observer can be designed to identify the parameter determined by the transmitted information and then the transmitted information can be obtained. Compared with the existing analysis using adaptive observer, the cryptanalysis based on parameter observer is much simpler and needs less structure information of the transmitter system. With numerical simulations, it is shown that the parameter observer has stronger practicality and robustness. Furthermore, it is still possible to obtain the transmitted information, even if the derivative of the transmitted signal is unknown

Selenium Fractionation and Speciation in Paddy Soils and Accumulation in Rice Under Field Conditions in Jinhua Zhejinang Province, China

Soils, as well as paddy tissue samples, were collected in the Se-rich area of Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province, China. Sequential extraction procedure was used for selenium (Se) fractionation, including soluble Se, exchangeable Se, carbonate-bound Se, iron and manganese oxide-bound Se, humic acids-bound Se, organic matter-bound Se, and the residual Se fraction. The results showed that soluble Se, exchangeable Se, carbonate-bound Se, iron and manganese oxide-bound Se fractions accounted for less than 2% of the total Se, respectively. Organic matter-bound Se was the dominant fractions. The average concentrations (mg kg−1) of Se in the paddy tissues were 0.069 in seed, 0.263 in root, 0.09 in stalk, and 0.17 in leaf. The organic matter-bound Se had a significant indirect effect on Se accumulation in paddy tissues. In conclusion, organic matter-bound Se was an important fraction and source of plant Se in agricultural soil

Fracture Behavior of Rock with Initial Damage: Theoretical, Experimental, and Numerical Investigations

Geomaterials such as rock mass often have initial damage under the influence of long-term geological action and hydration corrosion environment. The initial damage affects the integrity and stability of the rock mass, resulting in a difference in the mechanical properties of jointed rock mass and intact one. Therefore, the study of the fracture and failure characteristics of the jointed rock mass is of great significance. Most of the previous researches into the fracture behavior of rock with initial damage are based on model testing, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation of rock mass with preexisting flaws. This review concentrates on the theoretical, experimental, and numerical efforts that have been devoted to the fracture characteristics of rock or rock-like specimens with preexisting flaws under compression. Some suggestions on the future research work in this field are also given