Relationship between Local Government Management and Community Autonomy in China

The relationship between local government management and community autonomy is not well articulated in the literature. The survey provides status with knowledge about the processes, structures of local government. Local government in China has emphasized numerous interactive features in manage community and resident. In the Yangzi Delta cities, new reform-oriented policies have emphasized autonomy as an important trend for improving governmental performance, and build a stronger popular method for local governments. Ultimately, the autonomy is effective because they work alongside other reforms in local society. By eliciting residents feedback and increasing governmental transparency, especially the relationship between local government management and community autonomy, the autonomy management have become important information sources and managed methods for government managers, but they are more likely to be effective in improving administrative operations, so the study of this paper is necessary

GENETIC REGULATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NUMBERS IN MICE

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantations are widely used for the treatment of hematological and non-hematological disorders in clinic. Successful transplantation requires sufficient number and efficient homing of HSCs. Many studies have focused on developing an effective strategy to expand functional HSC population. Some regulatory molecules have been recently shown great promise for controlling the amplification of HSCs. In these dissertation studies, I first aim to identify gene(s) and their allelic variants contributing to strain-specific difference in HSC numbers between C57BL/6 (B6, low) and DBA/2 (D2, high) mice by using a classic forward genetic approach. Firstly, 3 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome (Chr) 3,5 and 18 were mapped by linkage analyses and confirmed in congenic mice. Secondly, Chr.3 QTL affected several HSC number-related biological processes. The D2 allele increased cycling and self-renewal whereas it decreased apoptotic rates of HSCs. Both actions conspired to increase HSC population size. Lastly, a small number of differentially-expressed genes was identified in Chr.3 congenic HSCs by a microarray-based candidate gene method, and the differential expression of one candidate, latexin, was found to relate to HSC number variations. Our studies report the strong evidence for the potential functions of latexin in HSC number regulation, and they are important for understanding molecular mechanisms of stem cell regulation and developing effective stem cell expansion strategies for clinical applications. In the second part of my studies, I studied homing and engraftment capabilities of HSCs. By using functional assays for progenitor and stem cells, I first reported the absolute homing efficiencies of murine young or old donor cells into young or old recipient mice. The results indicated that homing of primitive hematopoietic cells was not efficient and significantly decreased by aging of donors and recipients. The proliferation and differentiation states of HSCs were also impaired by homing itself, as well as by donors\u27 and recipients age. Moreover, the hematopoietic reconstitution dynamics following transplantation were also affected by aging. Together, these findings will provide useful information for clinical applications especially when older individuals increasing serve as stem cell donors for elderly patients

競技エアロビクスにおける振り付けと姿勢調節の解析

早大学位記番号:新6529早稲田大

Service-Oriented Government in Practice: A Case of Construction of Nanjing Community

China’s reform and opening up and socialist market economy in-depth developing have induced civic consciousness waking and democratic degree deepening, and then China government has to strengthen the social management and public services. Therefore, the practice and exploration of service-oriented government construction has been launched in China. This paper mainly inspects the status for the local service-oriented government construction and variety of influencing factors by the case of Nanjing. And the results indicate that China government have opened freedom and democracy with the service theory and start the construction of service-oriented government based on the local values in practice

Essay on Monetary Policies and Firms' Behaviors

Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur.In this paper, I study the effect of risk-free rate shocks on firms that are exposed to interest rate risk. To examine their influence on the firms’ investment behaviours, I define an interest rate exposure, which is measured by the total floating debt, so that the impact of interest rate shocks on firms can be measured by the product of the interest rate exposure and the change in the interest rate. Using the Compustat data from 1974-2012 and the US annual fundamental financial data, I firstly find that the firms, which are exposed more to interest, have more sensitive cash flows of interest payments and retained earnings. Secondly, I find that exposed firms’ investment behaviours are sensitive to the interest rate shocks as well: the higher the exposure to interest rate risk, the more the firms would react to interest rate shocks. Furthermore, I show that financially constrained or high-leverage firms are more sensitive to interest rate shocks than financially non-constrained or low-leverage ones. Interestingly, I find that the fact that firms have different reactions to the interest rate shocks of different signs also works for R&D policies. Finally, I show that the model structure changes a lot after the 2008 financial crisis. We study the reactions of insurance companies to the unexpected interest shocks, which are defined by using the level and the slope of future contract interest rates. We find that on average, insurance companies have significantly positive abnormal returns following a positive unexpected shock in the level or the slope of interest rates: a 1% increase in the level or the slope of interest rates will increase the abnormal returns on average by 2.59% and 1.63%, respectively. We also find that insurance firms engage in maturity transformation in the opposite direction of banks: insurance companies, whose long-term debts will maturate in a very long term, will benefit from the increase in interest rate slope shocks rather than banks’ riding on the yield curve through a large mismatch between assets and liabilities. The empirical results provide important policy implications: interest rate shocks boost the value of insurance equities, with a decreasing effect on life, property & causality, and multi-line, but not for the reinsurance or insurance brokers. I investigate how the 2011 and 2014 EU stress tests affect the risk-taking of Euro-pean banks. I document a non-monotonic relationship between banks’ risk-shifting resulting from regulatory arbitrage and the tightness of their capital constraint (i.e., the distance between their ex-ante capital ratio and the regulatory level): banks with capital ratios marginally above the regulatory level do more regulatory arbitrage than banks with a level of capital ratio significantly below or above the regulatory level. I also study the indirect effect of the tests on the financing costs of banks which are excluded from the tests: their financing costs on the corporate bond market increase with the level of negative information released in the country in which they are located

A Framework for Assessing Object-Oriented Analysis Methods

Research into the literature of object-oriented analysis methods finds no evidence of any framework available which might provide a basis for understanding individual object-oriented analysis methods. In order to overcome this deficiency, we establish a framework which focuses on the analysis features of object-oriented methods as well as the logical connections among these features and which enables people to understand object-oriented analysis methods individually by assessing these methods in an objective and systematic way. The definition of the framework is based upon the study of object-oriented analysis methods available in a wide range. Four representative object-oriented analysis methods are in particular used in a specific application in the study in order to identify the generic features of object-oriented analysis methods. Two aspects (i.e., 'what' and 'how' aspects) of analysis methods are found to be fundamental in the methods and they are emphasised by this framework. The essential features of the methods are therefore identified and assessed upon the two aspects, by means of the framework. Furthermore a process including the approach and criteria is provided for managing the assessment of the methods. Ten object-oriented analysis methods available have been assessed individually using this framework. The processes of assessing five of the methods are shown in the thesis in detail, as the examples of applying the framework. In addition, the assessment of the other five methods is also outlined and included as it may be useful for people to understand these methods from different perspectives