7 research outputs found
ME-GAN: Learning Panoptic Electrocardio Representations for Multi-view ECG Synthesis Conditioned on Heart Diseases
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used non-invasive diagnostic tool for
heart diseases. Many studies have devised ECG analysis models (e.g.,
classifiers) to assist diagnosis. As an upstream task, researches have built
generative models to synthesize ECG data, which are beneficial to providing
training samples, privacy protection, and annotation reduction. However,
previous generative methods for ECG often neither synthesized multi-view data,
nor dealt with heart disease conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel
disease-aware generative adversarial network for multi-view ECG synthesis
called ME-GAN, which attains panoptic electrocardio representations conditioned
on heart diseases and projects the representations onto multiple standard views
to yield ECG signals. Since ECG manifestations of heart diseases are often
localized in specific waveforms, we propose a new "mixup normalization" to
inject disease information precisely into suitable locations. In addition, we
propose a view discriminator to revert disordered ECG views into a
pre-determined order, supervising the generator to obtain ECG representing
correct view characteristics. Besides, a new metric, rFID, is presented to
assess the quality of the synthesized ECG signals. Comprehensive experiments
verify that our ME-GAN performs well on multi-view ECG signal synthesis with
trusty morbid manifestations
MCS: Multi-Target Masked Point Modeling with Learnable Codebook and Siamese Decoders
Masked point modeling has become a promising scheme of self-supervised
pre-training for point clouds. Existing methods reconstruct either the original
points or related features as the objective of pre-training. However,
considering the diversity of downstream tasks, it is necessary for the model to
have both low- and high-level representation modeling capabilities to capture
geometric details and semantic contexts during pre-training. To this end,
MCS is proposed to enable the model with the above abilities. Specifically,
with masked point cloud as input, MCS introduces two decoders to predict
masked representations and the original points simultaneously. While an extra
decoder doubles parameters for the decoding process and may lead to
overfitting, we propose siamese decoders to keep the amount of learnable
parameters unchanged. Further, we propose an online codebook projecting
continuous tokens into discrete ones before reconstructing masked points. In
such way, we can enforce the decoder to take effect through the combinations of
tokens rather than remembering each token. Comprehensive experiments show that
MCS achieves superior performance at both classification and segmentation
tasks, outperforming existing methods
TSegFormer: 3D Tooth Segmentation in Intraoral Scans with Geometry Guided Transformer
Optical Intraoral Scanners (IOS) are widely used in digital dentistry to
provide detailed 3D information of dental crowns and the gingiva. Accurate 3D
tooth segmentation in IOSs is critical for various dental applications, while
previous methods are error-prone at complicated boundaries and exhibit
unsatisfactory results across patients. In this paper, we propose TSegFormer
which captures both local and global dependencies among different teeth and the
gingiva in the IOS point clouds with a multi-task 3D transformer architecture.
Moreover, we design a geometry-guided loss based on a novel point curvature to
refine boundaries in an end-to-end manner, avoiding time-consuming
post-processing to reach clinically applicable segmentation. In addition, we
create a dataset with 16,000 IOSs, the largest ever IOS dataset to the best of
our knowledge. The experimental results demonstrate that our TSegFormer
consistently surpasses existing state-of-the-art baselines. The superiority of
TSegFormer is corroborated by extensive analysis, visualizations and real-world
clinical applicability tests. Our code is available at
https://github.com/huiminxiong/TSegFormer.Comment: MICCAI 2023, STAR(Student Travel) award. 11 pages, 3 figures, 5
tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2210.1662
Spatial Object Recommendation with Hints: When Spatial Granularity Matters
Existing spatial object recommendation algorithms generally treat objects
identically when ranking them. However, spatial objects often cover different
levels of spatial granularity and thereby are heterogeneous. For example, one
user may prefer to be recommended a region (say Manhattan), while another user
might prefer a venue (say a restaurant). Even for the same user, preferences
can change at different stages of data exploration. In this paper, we study how
to support top-k spatial object recommendations at varying levels of spatial
granularity, enabling spatial objects at varying granularity, such as a city,
suburb, or building, as a Point of Interest (POI). To solve this problem, we
propose the use of a POI tree, which captures spatial containment relationships
between POIs. We design a novel multi-task learning model called MPR (short for
Multi-level POI Recommendation), where each task aims to return the top-k POIs
at a certain spatial granularity level. Each task consists of two subtasks: (i)
attribute-based representation learning; (ii) interaction-based representation
learning. The first subtask learns the feature representations for both users
and POIs, capturing attributes directly from their profiles. The second subtask
incorporates user-POI interactions into the model. Additionally, MPR can
provide insights into why certain recommendations are being made to a user
based on three types of hints: user-aspect, POI-aspect, and interaction-aspect.
We empirically validate our approach using two real-life datasets, and show
promising performance improvements over several state-of-the-art methods
Mendelian randomization and clinical trial evidence supports TYK2 inhibition as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases
Background: To explore the associations of genetically proxied TYK2 inhibition with a wide range of disease outcomes and biomarkers to identify therapeutic repurposing opportunities, adverse effects, and biomarkers of efficacy. Methods: The loss-of-function missense variant rs34536443 in TYK2 gene was used as a genetic instrument to proxy the effect of TYK2 inhibition. A phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the associations of genetically-proxied TYK2 inhibition with 1473 disease outcomes in UK Biobank (N = 339,197). Identified associations were examined for replication in FinnGen (N = 260,405). We further performed tissue -specific gene expression MR, colocalization analyses, and MR with 247 blood biomarkers. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TYK2 inhibitor was performed to complement the genetic evidence. Findings: PheWAS-MR found that genetically-proxied TYK2 inhibition was associated with lower risk of a wide range of autoimmune diseases. The associations with hypothyroidism and psoriasis were confirmed in MR analysis of tissue-specific TYK2 gene expression and the associations with systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis were observed in colocalization analysis. There were nominal associations of genetically-proxied TYK2 inhibition with increased risk of prostate and breast cancer but not in tissue-specific expression MR or colocalization analyses. Thirty-seven blood biomarkers were associated with the TYK2 loss-of-function mutation. Evidence from RCTs confirmed the effectiveness of TYK2 inhibitors on plaque psoriasis and reported several adverse effects. Interpretation: This study supports TYK2 inhibitor as a potential treatment for psoriasis and several other autoim-mune diseases. Increased pharmacovigilance is warranted in relation to the potential adverse effects.De tvÄ första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapet.De tre sista författarna delar sistaförfattarskapet.</p
Robust Image Ordinal Regression with Controllable Image Generation
Image ordinal regression has been mainly studied along the line of exploiting
the order of categories. However, the issues of class imbalance and category
overlap that are very common in ordinal regression were largely overlooked. As
a result, the performance on minority categories is often unsatisfactory. In
this paper, we propose a novel framework called CIG based on controllable image
generation to directly tackle these two issues. Our main idea is to generate
extra training samples with specific labels near category boundaries, and the
sample generation is biased toward the less-represented categories. To achieve
controllable image generation, we seek to separate structural and categorical
information of images based on structural similarity, categorical similarity,
and reconstruction constraints. We evaluate the effectiveness of our new CIG
approach in three different image ordinal regression scenarios. The results
demonstrate that CIG can be flexibly integrated with off-the-shelf image
encoders or ordinal regression models to achieve improvement, and further, the
improvement is more significant for minority categories.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, to be published in IJCAI202