Bis[1,3-bis­(diphenyl­phosphino)propane-κ2 P:P′]silver(I) bis­(chloro­difluoro­acetato-κO)triphenyl­stannate(IV)

In the title salt, [Ag(C27H26P2)2][Sn(C6H5)3(C2ClF2O2)], the AgI atom exists in a tetra­hedral coordination geometry formed by four P atoms [Ag—P = 2.460 (1)–2.501 (1) Å], whereas the SnIV atom exists in a trans-trigonal–bipyramidal coordination geometry formed by two O [Sn—O = 2.208 (3) and 2.233 (3) Å] and three C atoms [Sn—C = 2.115 (4)–2.128 (4) Å;(Σ C—Sn—C)= 360.0 (6)°]

Bis[1,2-bis­(diphenyl­phosphino)ethane-κ2 P:P′]silver(I) bis­(chloro­difluoro­acetato-κO)(4-chloro­phen­yl)diphenyl­stannate(IV)

In the title salt, [Ag(C26H24P2)2][Sn(C2ClF2O2)2(C6H5)2(C6H4Cl)], the AgI atom has a tetra­hedral and the SnIV atom a trans-trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry. In the anion, the chloro substituent is disordered over two rings (occupancy ratio 0.81:0.19); the two chloro­difluoro­methyl groups are also disordered over two sites for their halogen atoms (occupancy ratios 0.72:0.28 and 0.70:0.30)

Dicyclo­hexyl­ammonium bis­(chloro­difluoro­acetato-κO)cyclo­pentyl­diphenyl­stannate(IV)

The five-coordinate Sn atom in the title mixed organyl stannate compound, (C12H24N)[Sn(C5H9)(C6H5)2(C2ClF2O2)], is in a trans-C3SnO2 trigonal–bipyramidal coordination environment. The NH2 groups of the cations act as hydrogen-bond donors to two symmetry-related anions, resulting in the formation of linear chains. One of the phenyl rings is disordered over two sites with equal occupancies

[μ-1,4-Bis(diphenyl­phosphino­yl)butane-κ2 O:O′]bis­[cyclo­pentyl­diphen­yl(trifluoro­acetato-κO)tin(IV)]

The mol­ecule of the dinuclear title compound, [Sn2(C5H9)2(C6H5)4(C2F3O2)2(C28H28O2P2)], lies on a center of inversion at the mid-point of the central C—C bond of the bridging phosphine oxide ligand. The Sn atom is five-coordinate in a trans-C3SnO2 trigonal-bipyramidal geometry

Correlation of risk factors and aspect scores in patients with middle cerebral artery ischaemic stroke in HUSM

Purpose: To correlate the GCS and risk factors with ASPECTS among patients with middle cerebral artery territory ischaemic stroke in HUSM. Materials and methods: In an institutional review board-approved study, the authors obtained 148 samples from medical ward of HUSM. Patients with clinically proven stroke and underwent non-contrast enhanced CT brain were recruited. Fasting blood sugar and fasting lipid profiled were obtained. CT brains were reviewed to obtain ASPECTS of each individuals. Correlation and Regression were used to assess the association and prediction between GCS and various risk factors with ASPECTS. Results: We were able to obtain 148 patients whom 140 were Malays, 8 were non-Malays, 48 were male and 100 were female. There was good positive correlation between GCS and ASPECTS (r=0.615, p<0.001). On univariate analysis, only GCS was statistically significant (OR 0.076; 95%CI 0.011 to 0.515, r2 = -2.58, p<0.05). One unit increament in GCS has 92.4% lesser odds to have worse ASPECTS when other confounders were not adjusted. However, multivariate analysis showed none of the variables was statistically significant. Conclusions: We suggested that GCS is associated significantly with ASPECTS and can be applied to predict ASPECTS when other confounders were not added. The risk factors including age, gender, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol level, triglyceride level, LDL level and HDL level have no correlation with severity of stroke

The Effects of Gamification Rewards in E-Learning: A Longitudinal Field Study on Motivation and Mental Fatigue

E-Learning, as a prevalent instructional approach in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, is often criticized for reducing motivation and increasing mental fatigue among learners. Despite the attractiveness of various gamification designs to resolve these issues, there still exists a lack of comprehensive and integrated understanding of the pedagogic effectiveness of gamification rewards. Motivated thus, this study assesses and compares four different types of gamification rewards: unexpected-hedonic rewards, expected-hedonic rewards, unexpected-utilitarian rewards, and expected-utilitarian rewards. Drawing from self-determination theory and opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance, this study evaluates the effect of gamification reward type on learning motivation and mental fatigue. The effect of gamification reward type will be examined in a longitudinal field experiment in an introductory undergraduate computer science course

A novel approach to fault detection for fuzzy stochastic systems with nonhomogeneous processes

In this paper, we consider a class of fuzzy stochastic systems with nonhomogeneous jump processes. Our focus is on the design of a fuzzy fault detection filter that is sensitive to faults but robust against unknown inputs. Furthermore, the error filtering system is stochastically stable. With reference to an H1 performance index and a new performance index, sufficient conditions to ensure the existence of a fuzzy robust fault detection filter are derived. Simulation studies are carried out, showing that the proposed fuzzy robust FD filter can rapidly detect the faults correctly

Filtering for discrete-time nonhomogeneous Markov jump systems with uncertainties

This paper studies the problem of robust H1 filtering for a class of uncertain discrete-time nonhomogeneous Markov jump systems. The time-varying jump transition probability matrix is described by a polytope. By Lyapunov function approach, mode-dependent and variation-dependent H1 filter is designed such that the resulting error dynamic system is stochastically stable and has a prescribed H1 performance index. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques

Disturbance Attraction Domain Estimation for Saturated Markov Jump Systems with Truncated Gaussian Process

This paper investigates the disturbance attraction domain estimation of saturated Markov jump systems with truncated Gaussian process. The aim is to estimate the disturbance domain of attraction so that the state is maintained in a neighbour around the origin by a state feedback controller regardless of bounded disturbance. The problem is formulated as parameter-dependent linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The optimal disturbance attraction domain is obtained through searching for most appropriate auxiliary parameters in the defined domain. A numerical example is presented to show the potential application of the results