STUDY ON EQUIPMENT FOR SHOT PUT SOUND SIGNAL FEEDBACK

There are not many articles about the structure of putting, especially on the dynamic study. At present nobody applies instruments and equipments to measure dynamic parameters in the course of putting. The result of this study is to make an electronic pressure device fixed inside a shot. According to non-electric measuring principles, a computer is used to analyze the acquired signals after their amplification, taking sample and NO transmission so as to measure the dynamic parameters that shot-putters have strength on their arms. They may work as theoretical basis of teaching and training. In the meantime they can also help coaches to give technological diagnosis of shot-putters and make a scientific plan of training. Only in this way can shot-putters in China catch the advanced level of the world and win good scores at the Olympic Games

Remifentanil Preconditioning Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats via Neuronal Activation in Dorsal Vagal Complex

Remifentanil, an ultra-short acting opiate, has been reported to protect against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is a major cause of postoperative liver dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine whether a central vagal pathway is involved in this protective procedure. Rat models of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion were used in the experimental procedures. The results revealed that intravenous pretreatment with remifentanil decreased serum aminotransferases and hepatic histologic damage; however, an intraperitoneal injection of μ-opioid receptor antagonist did not abolish the protection of remifentanil preconditioning. c-Fos immunofluorescence of the brain stem showed that dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus was activated after remifentanil preconditioning. Moreover, serum alanine aminotransferase, histopathologic damage, and apoptosis decreased in remifentanil preconditioning group compared to vagotomized animals with remifentanil preconditioning, and there was no statistical difference of TNF-α and IL-6 between NS/Va and RPC/Va groups. In addition, remifentanil microinjection into dorsal vagal complex decreased serum aminotransferases, inflammatory cytokines, and hepatic histologic injury and apoptosis, and these effects were also abolished by a peripheral hepatic vagotomy. In conclusion, remifentanil preconditioning conferred liver protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, which was mediated by the central vagal pathway