Sampling Lov\'asz Local Lemma For General Constraint Satisfaction Solutions In Near-Linear Time

We give a fast algorithm for sampling uniform solutions of general constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) in a local lemma regime. The expected running time of our algorithm is near-linear in $n$ and a fixed polynomial in $\Delta$, where $n$ is the number of variables and $\Delta$ is the max degree of constraints. Previously, up to similar conditions, sampling algorithms with running time polynomial in both $n$ and $\Delta$, only existed for the almost atomic case, where each constraint is violated by a small number of forbidden local configurations. Our sampling approach departs from all previous fast algorithms for sampling LLL, which were based on Markov chains. A crucial step of our algorithm is a recursive marginal sampler that is of independent interests. Within a local lemma regime, this marginal sampler can draw a random value for a variable according to its marginal distribution, at a local cost independent of the size of the CSP

Towards derandomising Markov chain Monte Carlo

We present a new framework to derandomise certain Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. As in MCMC, we first reduce counting problems to sampling from a sequence of marginal distributions. For the latter task, we introduce a method called coupling towards the past that can, in logarithmic time, evaluate one or a constant number of variables from a stationary Markov chain state. Since there are at most logarithmic random choices, this leads to very simple derandomisation. We provide two applications of this framework, namely efficient deterministic approximate counting algorithms for hypergraph independent sets and hypergraph colourings, under local lemma type conditions matching, up to lower order factors, their state-of-the-art randomised counterparts.Comment: 57 page

A tomato HD-Zip homeobox protein, LeHB-1, plays an important role in floral organogenesis and ripening

Ethylene is required for climacteric fruit ripening. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis genes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase, prevents or delays ripening, but it is not known how these genes are modulated during normal development. LeHB-1, a previously uncharacterized tomato homeobox protein, was shown by gel retardation assay to interact with the promoter of LeACO1, an ACC oxidase gene expressed during ripening. Inhibition of LeHB-1 mRNA accumulation in tomato fruit, using virus-induced gene silencing, greatly reduced LeACO1 mRNA levels, and inhibited ripening. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of LeHB-1 by viral delivery to developing flowers elsewhere on injected plants triggered altered floral organ morphology, including production of multiple flowers within one sepal whorl, fusion of sepals and petals, and conversion of sepals into carpel-like structures that grew into fruits and ripened. Our findings suggest that LeHB-1 is not only involved in the control of ripening but also plays a critical role in floral organogenesis

Single Photon Emission from Single Perovskite Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Bromide

The power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices based on semiconductor perovskites has reached ~20% after just several years of research efforts. With concomitant discoveries of other promising applications in lasers, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors, it is natural to anticipate what further excitements these exotic perovskites could bring about. Here we report on the observation of single photon emission from single CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized from a facile colloidal approach. Compared with traditional metal-chalcogenide NCs, these CsPbBr3 NCs exhibit nearly two orders of magnitude increase in their absorption cross sections at similar emission colors. Moreover, the radiative lifetime of CsPbBr3 NCs is greatly shortened at both room and cryogenic temperatures to favor an extremely fast output of single photons. The above findings have not only added a novel member to the perovskite family for the integration into current optoelectronic architectures, but also paved the way towards quantum-light applications of single perovskite NCs in various quantum information processing schemes

Hoxa13 regulates expression of common Hox target genes involved in cartilage development to coordinate the expansion of the autopodal anlage

To elucidate the role of Hox genes in limb cartilage development, we identified the target genes of HOXA11 and HOXA13 by ChIP‐Seq. The ChIP DNA fragment contained evolutionarily conserved sequences and multiple highly conserved HOX binding sites. A substantial portion of the HOXA11 ChIP fragment overlapped with the HOXA13 ChIP fragment indicating that both factors share common targets. Deletion of the target regions neighboring Bmp2 or Tshz2 reduced their expression in the autopod suggesting that they function as the limb bud‐specific enhancers. We identified the Hox downstream genes as exhibiting expression changes in the Hoxa13 knock out (KO) and Hoxd11‐13 deletion double mutant (Hox13 dKO) autopod by Genechip analysis. The Hox downstream genes neighboring the ChIP fragment were defined as the direct targets of Hox. We analyzed the spatial expression pattern of the Hox target genes that encode two different categories of transcription factors during autopod development and Hox13dKO limb bud. (a) Bcl11a, encoding a repressor of cartilage differentiation, was expressed in the E11.5 autopod and was substantially reduced in the Hox13dKO. (b) The transcription factors Aff3, Bnc2, Nfib and Runx1t1 were expressed in the zeugopodal cartilage but not in the autopod due to the repressive or relatively weak transcriptional activity of Hox13 at E11.5. Interestingly, the expression of these genes was later observed in the autopodal cartilage at E12.5. These results indicate that Hox13 transiently suspends the cartilage differentiation in the autopodal anlage via multiple pathways until establishing the paddle‐shaped structure required to generate five digits

The FilZ protein contains a single PilZ domain and facilitates the swarming motility of pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913

Swarming regulation is complicated in flagellated bacteria, especially those possessing dual flagellar systems. It remains unclear whether and how the movement of the constitutive polar flagellum is regulated during swarming motility of these bacteria. Here, we report the downregulation of polar flagellar motility by the c-di-GMP effector FilZ in the marine sedimentary bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913. Strain SM9913 possesses two flagellar systems, and filZ is located in the lateral flagellar gene cluster. The function of FilZ is negatively controlled by intracellular c-di-GMP. Swarming in strain SM9913 consists of three periods. Deletion and overexpression of filZ revealed that, during the period when strain SM9913 expands quickly, FilZ facilitates swarming. In vitro pull-down and bacterial two-hybrid assays suggested that, in the absence of c-di-GMP, FilZ interacts with the CheW homolog A2230, which may be involved in the chemotactic signal transduction pathway to the polar flagellar motor protein FliMp, to interfere with polar flagellar motility. When bound to c-di-GMP, FilZ loses its ability to interact with A2230. Bioinformatic investigation indicated that filZ-like genes are present in many bacteria with dual flagellar systems. Our findings demonstrate a novel mode of regulation of bacterial swarming motility

Vers l'autogestion pour une continuité de service intégrée et « sans couture»

Nous nous intéressons à la résolution de problèmes de la continuité de service sans couture en assurant une QoS de bout en bout. Dans un premier temps, nous recensons les besoins de l'utilisateur d'aujourd'hui, ce dernier nous conduit à un changement de point de vue : de « System/Application/Network Centric » à « User-Centric ». A partir de cette vision, nous commençons par préciser le contexte de nos travaux. Les verrous à lever sont donc les différentes mobilités qui impactent la continuité de service. Nos contributions sont au nombre de cinq et portent sur des solutions d'ordre organisationnel et fonctionnel. Basée sur les concepts et résultats de notre groupe de la recherche, notre première contribution a été de proposer un modèle organisationnel supportant la vision «User-Centric » et incluant la personnalisation du service. Du côté fournisseur de service, le transorganisationnel est envisagé. Afin de mettre en œuvre ce modèle organisationnel, nous avons proposé de nouvelles solutions de gestion de composition de service. Cette deuxième contribution repose sur les CoI (Community of Interest) dont l'intérêt commun est la continuité de service. Pour anticiper tout impact de mobilité, nous créons des communautés virtuelles (CV) regroupant les composants fonctionnellement et QoS équivalents. Ainsi le remplacement des composants n'assurant plus leurs contrats se fait automatiquement et dynamiquement. Nous avons relié chacune des mobilités à un niveau de notre architecture (Utilisateur, Service, Réseau et Equipement), en leur associant une communauté virtuelle (CV) autogérée à travers un protocole Peer-to-Peer. Nous avons dénommé « sessionware » l'ensemble des « services supports » pouvant intervenir durant la session orientée utilisateur. Notre troisième contribution porte sur la fourniture du service responsable de la gestion de la continuité de service (continuity service delivery). Fondé sur l'analyse des mobilités, nous avons identifié la mobilité de session pour laquelle notre quatrième contribution propose un Binding cross layer et dynamique des niveaux architecturaux pour rendre transparent la continuité de service. Pour le respect de la QoS de bout en bout, nous avons recours au concept de VPxN (Virtual Private User/Service/Network/Equipment Network). Le but de cette cinquième contribution est d'auto contrôler les dysfonctionnements de QoS pour assurer le « sans couture ». Finalement, nous montrons la faisabilité de nos contributions à travers des simulations en JXTA et des expérimentations sur une plate-forme IMS

Vers l'autogestion pour une continuité de service intégrée et "sans couture"

We are interested in the seamless service continuity ensuring E2E QoS. We identify first the vision of "User-Centric". The challenges are different mobility. Our contributions are organizational and functional solutions. Our 1st contribution was to propose an organizational model that supports our vision, including the service personalisation. On the supplier side, the trans organisaitonal part is considered. To implement this model, we proposed service composition management. This 2nd contribution is based on the COIs whose common interest is the continuity of service. To anticipate any impact of mobility, we constuct the CVs with functionally and QoS equivalent components. Thus, the necessary replacement of components is done automatically and dynamically. We've linked each mobility with a level of architecture, by combining a self-managed CV through a P2P protocol. We called 'sessionware "as all the " supporting services "that can run during our session. Our 3rd contribution focuses on the service delivery and responsible for managing service continuity. Based on the analysis of mobility, we have identified session mobility for which our 4th contribution is a crosslayer and dynamic Binding which makes the continuity of service transparent. For the respect of the E2E QoS, we use VPxN. The aim of this 5th contribution is the QoS self control to ensure the "seamless". Finally, the feasibility is shown by simulations in JXTA and experiments on IMS.Nous nous intéressons à la continuité de service sans couture en assurant une QoS d E2E. Nous recensons d abord la vision User-Centric . Les verrous à lever sont les différentes mobilités. Nos contributions sont des solutions d ordre organisationnel et fonctionnel. Notre 1ière contribution a été de proposer un modèle organisationnel supportant notre vision et incluant la personnalisation du service. Du côté fournisseur, le transorganisationnel est envisagé. Afin de mettre en œuvre ce modèle, nous avons proposé de gestion de composition de service. Cette 2ième contribution repose sur les CoIs dont l intérêt commun est la continuité de service. Pour anticiper tout impact de mobilité, nous créons des CVs regroupant les composants fonctionnellement et QoS équivalents. Ainsi le remplacement des composants nécessaire se fait automatiquement et dynamiquement. Nous avons relié chaque mobilité à un niveau d architecture, en leur associant une CV autogérée à travers un protocole P2P. Nous avons dénommé sessionware l ensemble des services supports pouvant intervenir durant notre session. Notre 3ième contribution porte sur la fourniture du service responsable de la gestion de la continuité de service. Fondé sur l analyse des mobilités, nous avons identifié la mobilité de session pour laquelle notre 4ième contribution propose un Binding crosslayer et dynamique pour rendre transparent la continuité de service. Pour le respect de la QoS d E2E, nous avons recours au VPxN. Le but de cette 5ième contribution est d auto contrôler la QoS pour assurer le sans couture . Finalement, la faisabilité est montrée par des simulations en JXTA et des expérimentations sur IMS.PARIS-Télécom ParisTech (751132302) / SudocSudocFranceF