Physical activity and exercise for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment and dementia:A collaborative international guideline

Background: Physical activity and exercise have been suggested as effective interventions for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, but there are no international guidelines. Objectives: To create a set of evidence- and expert consensus-based prevention and management recommendations regarding physical activity (any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure) and exercise (a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive), applicable to a range of individuals from healthy older adults to those with MCI/dementia. Methods: Guideline content was developed with input from several scientific and lay representatives' societies. A systematic search across multidisciplinary databases was carried out until October 2021. Recommendations for prevention and management were developed according to the GRADE and complemented by consensus statements from the expert panels. Recommendations: Physical activity may be considered for the primary prevention of dementia. In people with MCI there is continued uncertainty about the role of physical activity in slowing the conversion to dementia. Mind-body interventions have the greatest supporting evidence. In people with moderate dementia, exercise may be used for maintaining disability and cognition. All these recommendations were based on a very low/low certainty of evidence. Conclusions: Although the scientific evidence on the beneficial role of physical activity and exercise in preserving cognitive functions in subjects with normal cognition, MCI or dementia is inconclusive, this panel, composed of scientific societies and other stakeholders, recommends their implementation based on their beneficial effects on almost all facets of health

Fenomenografik Düşünmek ve Araştırmak: Teorik ve Yöntembilimsel Bir Perspektif

Bu çalışmada bir düşünme ve araştırma yaklaşımı olarak fenomenografinin neliği ve nasıllığı teori temelli ve pratik yönelimli olarak sentezlenmiştir. Ulusal bağlamda yapılmış fenomenografik araştırmalarda, yaklaşımın epistemolojisine ve pratiklerine uygun olmayan adımların izlenmesi, dış okuyucuda yaklaşıma dair yanlış bir algıya yol açmakta, tutarsız bilgi yığınları oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışma fenomenografik düşünmenin daha doğru anlaşılmasını ve bir araştırma yöntemi olarak daha uygun bir biçimde kullanılmasını sağlamaya yöneliktir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, fenomenografik araştırmanın nasıl yürütülebileceği ile ilgili temel ilkeler, kavramlar, jargonlar ve akıl yürütme biçimleri derinlemesine sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma sunduğu sentezlerle fenomenografi yaklaşımının daha görünür ve uygulanabilir kılınmasını sağlamayı amaçlar. Bu kapsamda ilk olarak fenomenografik yaklaşımın felsefesi, teorik dayanakları ve temel kavramları ele alınmıştır. Ardından araştırılacak olgunun seçilmesi, katılımcı grubunun belirlenmesi, veri toplama aracının yapılandırılması, veri toplama sürecinin gerçekleştirilmesi, araştırmacı pozisyonunun belirlenmesi, verinin yönetilmesi ve analizi, geçerlik ve güvenirlik koşullarının sağlanması hakkında sentezler paylaşılmıştır. Ayrıca fenomenografi alanının öncü araştırmacılarından örnek çalışmalar örneklendirme amaçlı irdelenmiştir. Fenomenografik perspektifi temel alarak çalışmalar gerçekleştirecek araştırmacılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur

Relationships Between Teacher Discursive Moves and Middle School Students’ Cognitive Contributions to Science Concepts

© 2019, Springer Nature B.V.This study investigated science classroom discourse in terms of the types of teacher discursive moves (TDMs) and the relationships between the types of TDMs and student-led cognitive contributions in different science concepts by considering the classroom context. An experienced seventh-grade science teacher and her 19 students were engaged in argument-based inquiry activities focusing on physics and chemistry concepts. The analysis revealed that even though the teacher used a variety of TDMs, the following four enacted TDMs were prominent: knowledge providing–evaluating, communicating, monitoring, and evaluating–judging–critiquing. There were implicit relationships between the knowledge providing–evaluating, communicating, monitoring, and evaluating–judging–critiquing moves and the students’ cognitive contributions in different science concepts. For further analysis, several video cases were selected for scrutinizing these episodes, and it was found that evaluating–judging–critiquing teacher moves interacted with classroom culture more than the other two commonly used TDMs by using comparison prompt (simple comparison), evaluation prompt (teacher-led evaluation), and resolution prompt (student–student judgements). It was observed that when the teacher increased the number of resolution prompts, the students reached greater cognitive contributions during the negotiation of physics phenomena. Recommendations were presented for the science teachers’ professional development in the sense of discourse–cognition relations

An Overview of Lenalidomide in Combination with Rituximab for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: The Evidence to Date

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent (low-grade) malignancy of B cells and is among the most common hematological cancers affecting adults. Its clinical presentation, natural course, and severity are highly variable. Management of FL depends on the clinical setting; most patients require multiple lines of treatment. Chemoimmunotherapy is the standard of care for FL patients needing treatment; however, alternative treatments are limited for refractory patients or those unfit for chemoimmunotherapy. Multiple alternatives to chemoimmunotherapy for FL are being developed, with some showing significant pro-mise. Lenalidomide combination with rituximab (LR) is among the most successful and extensively studied novel approaches. LR has been compared head-to-head in clinical trials with rituximab monotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in the frontline and to lenalidomide or rituximab monotherapy in the relapsed or refractory setting for the treatment of FL. Initial reports of these nine trials have been published in the last decade, and their long-term data will be available in the coming years. LR offered superior efficacy to either lenalidomide or rituximab monotherapy alone. The RELEVANCE trial compared the efficacy of LR with chemoimmunotherapy among 1030 FL patients and demonstrated similar efficacy with a different side effect profile. Myelosuppression, rash, and fatigue were among the significant adverse events. Most patients treated with LR received thromboprophylaxis. This paper aims to summarize and comment on the published evidence regarding LR treatment for FL through a literature review. The clinical trials will be presented in detail, and methodological differences complicating their comparisons will be discussed

CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY OF MALE AND FEMALE WATER BUFFALOES FINISHED UNDER AN INTENSIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Carcass and meat quality of male and female Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated using 10 carcasses from each gender. Gender had no influence on carcass characteristics, except warm carcass weight, which was 13% higher in males compared to females. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher ultimate pH and lightness (L*), but lower redness (a*) values than females. Meat samples aged for 21 days had lower values for expressed juice, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force compared with those of 7-day aged ones. Meat samples aged for 21 days had higher L* value at 1 h and 24 h after cutting, a* value at 1 h after cutting compared with those of 7-day aged meat samples. Gender had no effect on meat sensory characteristics. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher proportions of C14:0, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-3 and C20:4 n-6 and Sigma n-3 fatty acids and lower Sigma n-6/Sigma n-3 ratio compared with female water buffaloes