Tigecycline Susceptibility in Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Isolates from Turkey

WOS: 000325386100009PubMed ID: 24459835The present study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of tigecycline against 84 multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. strains by disc diffusion and E-test methods. The results of disc diffusion test were compared according to two different interpretation ways. In addition, E-test results and the disc diffusion results that interpreted by both the methods were checked for compatibility. According to the disc diffusion test, 3 strains (3.57%) were found resistant to tigecycline when considering breakpoints suggested by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On the other hand, none of the strains was found resistant to the evaluation criteria recommended by Jones et al. (2007). Considering E-test results of tigecycline, MIC50 and MIC90 values of tigecycline for Acinetobacter spp. were 0.75 and 1 mg/l, respectively. Based on FDA defined breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae, any resistant isolate was detected. In conclusion, although there are some differences in the results, tigecycline was found quite effective on Acinetobacter spp. isolates with reference to the both disc diffusion and the E-test methods

Interpretation of chest radiographs in both cancer and other critical care patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a clinical, pathophysiological and radiographic pattern that has signs of pulmonary edema occur without elevated pulmonary venous pressures. Clinical presentation and progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome are followed by frequently ordered portable chest X-ray in critically ill patients. We evaluated chest radiographs of ten cancer and other six critical care pediatric patients. The parenchymal imaging of lung in patients with cancer was reported the same as that of other critically ill children despite underlying pathophysiological variations in our investigation. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(2.000): 270-273

Prevalência e fatores de risco associados à colonização por enterococos resistente à vancomicina

Enterococci have been recognized as clinically important pathogen in high-risk population of hospitalized patients. The aims of this study were to detect the prevalence of intestinal vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization among patients in the high-risk departments and the risk factors related to resistance in hospitalized patients in where VRE had been rarely isolated previously in Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. Following the first isolation of VRE in two patient in intensive care unit (ICU) and neonatal ICU in the same day, we carried out a point prevalence culture survey. Rectal swabs were obtained from patients. For comparison, 30 control patients hospitalized in internal medicine service were also analyzed. Ninety-three patients were investigated. Eighteen patients (19.3%) were found to be VRE carriers, whereas none of the control group patients had VRE. Thirteen strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium, four were Enterococcus gallinorum, and one was Enterococcus casseliflavus. Nine of E. faecium strains were resistant to vancomycin; the remainders were intermediate resistance to vancomycin and all of them sensitive to teicoplanin. Lengths of hospital stay, age and low birth weight for newborn were significantly associated with VRE colonization. A high prevalence of colonization by VRE was found at our ICUs, emphazing the importance of length stay in the ICU and low birth weight for newborn as a risk factor for colonization. VRE colonization must be monitored and risk factors should be determined, because of establish prevention and control measures.Os enterococos foram reconhecidos como patógenos clinicamente importantes na população de alto risco de pacientes hospitalizados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram detectar a prevalência da colonização por enterocos intestinais resistentes à vancomicina (VRE) no Hospital Tepecik, Izmir, Turquia, entre pacientes dos serviços de alto risco e os fatores de risco relacionados com a resistência em pacientes internados onde a VRE foi raramente isolada anteriormente. Após o primeiro isolamento de VRE em dois pacientes na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e UTI neonatal, no mesmo dia, foi realizado um levantamento de prevalência utilizando swab retal. Para efeito de comparação, 30 amostras de pacientes-controle do serviço de controle de medicina interna também foram analisadas. Noventa e três pacientes foram investigados. Dezoito pacientes (19,3%) foram considerados portadores de VRE, apesar de nenhum dos pacientes do grupo controle tinham VRE. Treze cepas foram identificadas como Enterococcus faecium, quatro foram Enterococcus gallinorum, e um foi Enterococcus casseliflavus. Nove cepas de E. faecium foram resistentes à vancomicina, os restos eram de resistência intermediária à vancomicina e todos eles sensíveis à teicoplanina. O tempo de permanência hospitalar, idade e peso baixo ao nascer de recém-nascidos foram significativamente associados à colonização por VRE. A alta prevalência de colonização por VRE foi encontrado em nossas UTIs, enfatizando a importância do tempo de internação na UTI e baixo peso ao nascer de recém-nascidos como fator de risco para a colonização. A colonização por VRE deve ser monitorada e fatores de risco devem ser determinados, no intuito de estabelecer medidas de prevenção e controle

The impact of anti-smoking laws on high school students in Ankara, Turkey

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors affecting the smoking habits of high school students, their thoughts about changes resulting from anti-smoking laws, and how they are affected by those laws. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 11th-grade students at eight high schools in Ankara, Turkey, were invited to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 1,199 students completed the questionnaire satisfactorily. The mean age of the respondents was 17.0 &#61617; 0.6 years; 56.1% were female, of whom 15.3% were smokers; and 43.9% were male, of whom 43.7% were smokers (p < 0.001). The independent risk factors for smoking were male gender, attending a vocational school, having a sibling who smokes, having a friend who smokes, and poor academic performance. Of the respondents, 74.7% were aware of the content of anti-smoking laws; 81.8% approved of the restrictions and fines; and 8.1% had quit smoking because of those laws. According to the respondents, the interventions that were most effective were the (television) broadcast of films about the hazards of smoking and the ban on cigarette sales to minors. The prevalence of smoking was highest (31.5%) among students attending vocational high schools but lowest (7.5%) among those attending medical vocational high schools. Although 57.1% of the smokers were aware of the existence of a smoking cessation helpline, only 3.7% had called, none of whom had made any attempt to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Although most of the students evaluated were aware of the harmful effects of smoking and approved of the anti-smoking laws, only a minority of those who smoked sought professional help to quit

Two cases of extrapulmonary onset granulomatosis with polyangiitis which caused diffuse alveolar haemorrhage

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare form of vasculitis. Multidisciplinary therapeutic approach and early diagnosis assume vital importance in management of patients with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage caused by GPA, which is a rare complication. The purpose of this study was to present the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges experienced by clinicians in management of two severe cases of GPA with insidious extrapulmonary manifestations which rapidly progressed into acute kidney injury, alveolar haemorrhage and acute respiratory failure