Investigation of Appearance Anxiety and the Gender Role in Women's Sports Except for Social Gender Norms

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), conducted by Hart et al. (2008) and adapted to Turkish by Dogan as Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) (Dogan, 2010) was used in our study. In the analysis of the data, t-test and ANOVA test were used. As a result; There was a significant difference between female athletes' hormone use variable and appearance anxiety and gender role (p <0.05). It was determined that female athletes using hormone had appearance anxiety. A significant difference was found between maternal educational status and appearance anxiety and gender role. A significant difference was found between the paternal education status variable and the masculine gender role. A significant negative correlation was found between the age variable and appearance anxiety of female athletes. There was a positive relationship between appearance anxiety and masculine gender role. When the gender role values increase the values of appearance anxiety increase. It is recommended that special contact with women athletes who go beyond the social gender norms should be established according to expert opinions and all actors such as sports managers, trainer, sportsman, referee, physical education teacher etc. should be informed. In order to increase the proportion of women engaged in sports in the society, to support the girls who are new to the sports and not to create false opinions about the sportswomen, it is recommended to put forward the role models suitable for the female athlete profile

The Effect of Denture Cleansing Solutions on the Retention of Precision Attachments: An In Vitro Study.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different cleansing solutions on the retention of precision attachments. A precision attachment patrix was embedded into acrylic resin and the matrix was placed onto the patrix. The red (high retention, 8 N), yellow (regular retention, 6 N), and green (reduced retention, 4 N) plastic matrixes of the attachments (n = 32) were soaked in three different denture cleansing solutions (sodium laureth sulfate, sodium bicarbonate-sodium perborate, sodium bicarbonate) for a duration simulating 6 months of clinical use. The control group was soaked in tap water. A universal testing machine was used to measure the retention values of attachments after they were soaked in denture cleansers. The retention values were compared among the groups with repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by the Tukey HSD test (p = 0.05). Yellow attachments were affected by sodium laureth sulfate, sodium bicarbonate-sodium perborate, and water (p = 0.012). Green attachments' retention increased after immersion in sodium laureth sulfate (p = 0.04) and water (p = 0.02). Red attachments' retention increased after immersion in sodium laureth sulfate or sodium bicarbonate-sodium perborate (p = 0.045). Water did not affect the retention of red attachments. Because sodium bicarbonate tablets did not affect the retention of attachments, clinicians may recommend their use as a cleanser. Clinicians also may inform patients using fixed and removable partial prostheses with precision attachments of a possible increase in retention after the use of sodium laureth sulfate or when using sodium bicarbonate-sodium perborate with yellow and red attachments

Magnetic resonance imaging based kidney volume assessment for risk stratification in pediatric autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

IntroductionIn the pediatric context, most children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) maintain a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite underlying structural kidney damage, highlighting the critical need for early intervention and predictive markers. Due to the inverse relationship between kidney volume and kidney function, risk assessments have been presented on the basis of kidney volume. The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based kidney volume assessment for risk stratification in pediatric ADPKD and to investigate clinical and genetic differences among risk groups.MethodsThis multicenter, cross-sectional, and case-control study included 75 genetically confirmed pediatric ADPKD patients (5–18 years) and 27 controls. Kidney function was assessed by eGFR calculated from serum creatinine and cystatin C using the CKiD-U25 equation. Blood pressure was assessed by both office and 24-hour ambulatory measurements. Kidney volume was calculated from MRI using the stereological method. Total kidney volume was adjusted for the height (htTKV). Patients were stratified from A to E classes according to the Leuven Imaging Classification (LIC) using MRI-derived htTKV.ResultsMedian (Q1-Q3) age of the patients was 6.0 (2.0–10.0) years, 56% were male. There were no differences in sex, age, height-SDS, or GFR between the patient and control groups. Of the patients, 89% had PKD1 and 11% had PKD2 mutations. Non-missense mutations were 73% in PKD1 and 75% in PKD2. Twenty patients (27%) had hypertension based on ABPM. Median htTKV of the patients was significantly higher than controls (141 vs. 117 ml/m, p = 0.0003). LIC stratification revealed Classes A (38.7%), B (28%), C (24%), and D + E (9.3%). All children in class D + E and 94% in class C had PKD1 variants. Class D + E patients had significantly higher blood pressure values and hypertension compared to other classes (p > 0.05 for all).DiscussionThis study distinguishes itself by using MRI-based measurements of kidney volume to stratify pediatric ADPKD patients into specific risk groups. It is important to note that PKD1 mutation and elevated blood pressure were higher in the high-risk groups stratified by age and kidney volume. Our results need to be confirmed in further studies

Treatment and recycling facilities of highly polluted water-based paint wastewater

The study presented focuses on treatment and recycling facilities of highly polluted water-based paint wastewater from electronics industry, using coagulation-flocculation, Fenton's oxidation and membrane processes. The treated water is sought after for recycling purposes within the painting unit and the water quality is negligible except suspended solids. The wastewater used in this study was characterized as highly polluted wastewater with high concentrations of COD ( 55,000-144,000 mg/l) and SS (9500-32,000 mg/l), alkaline and blackish colored. Coagulation-flocculation using alum and FeSO4 was investigated. 67% of COD removal was achieved at 1000 mg/l of alum dosage whereas coagulation with FeSO4 obtained 45% removal efficiency at 750 mg/l dosage. The Fenton's oxidation process gave good results for the removals of COD and color. 81% of COD removal was achieved at a molar ratio of [H2O2]/[Fe+2] = 10 with 2 m H2O2. Waste sludge produced during the Fenton's process was less than that of coagulation, but still required hazardous chemical sludge disposal. This study showed that the total flux decline for the FM UP005 ultrafiltration membrane was 73% and the flux decline due to membrane fouling was 9%. The use of membrane filtration causes no sludge disposal problems since the concentrate can be recycled or reused. Cost analysis involving investment, operation and maintenance, and waste sludge disposal should be made to decide the treatment and/or recycling process

Effectiveness of an alternating aerobic, anoxic/anaerobic strategy for maintaining biomass activity of BNR sludge during long-term starvation

The effectiveness of an aerobic, anoxic/anaerobic strategy for maintaining the activity of activated sludge performing biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal during long-term starvation is investigated. A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating abattoir wastewater and achieving high-levels (>95%) of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD removal was used. The reactor was put twice into a so-called "sleeping mode" for a period of 5-6 weeks when the abattoir, where the wastewater was sourced, was closed down for annual maintenance. The "sleeping mode" operation consisted of 15 min aeration in a 6 h SBR cycle. The sludge was allowed to settle in the remaining time of the cycle. The decay rates for ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) were determined to be 0.017 and 0.004 d(-1), respectively These decay rates correlated well with AOB and NOB population quantified using molecular techniques (FISH). There was negligible phosphate accumulation in the reactor during the first 1-2 weeks of starvation, which was followed by a linear net release of phosphate in the remaining 4-5 weeks at a very slow rate of 1-2 mgP gVSS(-1) d(-1). A sudden decrease in the aerobic activities of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), observed via anaerobic/aerobic batch tests, occurred after 2 weeks of starvation. This correlated with a dramatic increase of several metal ions in the liquid phase. The underlying reasons are not clear. A resuscitation period with a gradual increase of the wastewater load was applied during the re-startup of the reactor after both "sleeping mode" periods. Each time, the performance of the reactor in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal fully recovered in 4 days

Effect of iron ions (Fe2+, Fe3+) on the formation and structure of aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granulation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment, but problems regarding its formation and stability need to be solved. Divalent metal ions, especially Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+, have been demonstrated to play an important role in the process of aerobic granulation. Here, we studied whether iron ions can affect aerobic granulation. Granular sludge formed without iron ion addition (< 0.02 mg Fe2+ L-1) was fluffy and had a finger-type structure and filamentous out-growth. The addition of iron ions to concentrations of 1 and 10 mg Fe2+ L-1 repressed the finger-type structure and filamentous out-growth. The results show that chemical precipitation in the granules with iron ion addition was higher than that in the granules without ferrous addition. The amount of precipitates was higher inside the granules than outside. This study demonstrates that iron ions (Fe2+/Fe3+) increase the size and stability of aerobic granular sludge but do not affect the granulation time, which is the time that the first granular sludge is observed. The study shows that aerobic granular sludge technology can be confidently applied to actual wastewater containing a high concentration of iron compounds

Simultaneous Nitrification, Denitrification, and Phosphorus Removal From Nutrient-Rich Industrial Wastewater Using Granular Sludge. [Short Platform Presentation]

The meat processing industry produces large quantities wastewater containing high levels of COD, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). P removal is achieved at present primarily through chemical precipitation, despite biological P removal being a much cheaper and more environmentally sustainable option. There are two main challenges for bio-P removal from abattoir wastewater. First, the wastewater contains a high level of ammonia resulting in a high level of nitrate accumulation which has proved to be an obstacle to the development of a stable and reliable enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process (Pitman et al., 1983). Secondly, abattoir wastewater is often pre-treated in anaerobic ponds to reduce the fat, oil and grease content, which also removes a large fraction of COD, resulting in COD limitations for N and P removal (Keller et al., 1997). Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) could minimise the accumulation of nitrate in the bulk liquid. SND relies upon the formation of anoxic zones in the central part of microbial aggregates caused by the mass transfer limitation of oxygen (Munch et al., 1996). Combining EBPR with SND could optimise the use of COD for N and P removal. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) have the ability to simultaneously reduce NOx- and take up P using the same carbon source (Kuba et al., 1993). Indeed, the process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) has already been demonstrated in lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) treating synthetic wastewater under alternating anaerobic and aerobic conditions (Zeng et al., 2003). Recent research efforts using aerobic granular biomass in SBR systems (de Kreuk et al., 2005; Mosquera-Corral et al., 2005), suggest that the large size and the dense structure of granules could be beneficial for SNDPR by positively contributing to the oxygen mass transfer limitation. In addition, the excellent settleability of granular sludge allows for more biomass to be maintained in a relatively small reactor volume, enhancing the ability of the reactor to withstand high loading rates. The work presented investigates the feasibility of using granular sludge to sustain a stable and robust SNDPR system allowing high-level of nutrient removal from nutrient-rich industrial wastewater such as abattoir effluents. The long term performance of the reactor in terms of COD, N and P removal were monitored. The occurrence of SNDPR in the granular system was demonstrated by investigating the denitrification role of PAO. The structure and function of these aerobic granules fed with real wastewater were examined using a wide range of micro-scale techniques

The study of the effect of the individual perception of justice (belief in a just world) on degree of decisionmaking of students of the faculty of physical education and sport sciences

This study aims to reveal the research results of the effects of the relation between individual perception of justice (belief in a just world) and decision-making on the students of faculty of physical education and sport sciences. In this context, what is the degree of individual perception of just world of the students? What is the degree of the students self-esteem? What are students decision making styles? Does students individual perception of justice, degree of self-esteem at decision-making and decision-making styles show difference in terms of their demographic features? Is there a significant relationship between students individual perception of just world, and their self-esteem at decision-making and decision-making styles? These are the questions that are investigated. In order to determine between students individual perception of a just world and decisionmaking styles, arithmetic mean and standard deviation values are examined. T test and one-way ANOVAs test are applied to determine whether students individual perception of a just world and decision-making styles change according to their demographic features. The mean of the answers to the questions about students individual perception of just world is calculated as 3.73. Students individual perception of a just world is quite close to 4 (neutral value). According to this, it seems that students individual perception of a just world is at the degree of indecision. The value of the mean of the first six items that the students degree of self-esteem is determined is 2.52 which is the degree of accurate. According to that, we can say that students degree of self-esteem at decision-making is high. The mean of the answers that the students gave to the questions about decision-making delay is 1.91 which is at the degree of sometimes accurate. According to that, we can say that students sometimes delay their decision-making process. When we compare students individual perception of just world, and their self-esteem at decision-making and decision-making styles in terms of their demographic features, it is seen that there is not a significant difference between the groups according to variables of gender, the grade they are in, their department they study and the dwelling place. It is seen that there is a significant difference only according to the variables of degree of doing sports and the habitual residenc