Role stress and turnover intention in hotels: the mediating role of organizational enthusiasm and unstimulating work

Because it is a prevalent problem in the hospitality sector, turnover is studied widely. To handle this problem, it is critical to examine employees\u27 turnover intentions. This study therefore investigated the relationship between turnover intention and role stress, and the mediating role of organizational enthusiasm and unstimulating work. Data was collected from 418 respondents working in 5-star hotels in Turkey. The results reveal a positive relationship between role stress and turnover intention, and that organizational enthusiasm and unstimulating work play mediating roles. This paper discusses the implications of these findings and makes a number of practical recommendations

Prime Submodules

Let R be a ring. A proper submodule K of an 72-module M is called prime if whenever r ∈ R, m ∈ M and rRm ⊆ K then m ∈ K or rM ⊆ K. It is clear that prime submodules generalize the usual notion of prime ideals. The radical of a submodule N of M, denoted by radM(N) is defined to be the intersection of all prime submodules of M containing N. Now let R be a commutative ring. Let 7 be an ideal of R, As is well known, the radical of 7, defined as the intersection of all prime ideals containing 7, has the characterization √I = {r ∈ R : rn ?∈ I, for some n ∈ Z+}. A natural question arises, whether there is a somewhat similar characterization for the radical of a submodule, in particular, a characterization in which the knowledge of prime submodules(indeed even prime ideals) is not necessary. Under certain conditions such a characterization is provided by the concept of the envelope of a submodule. The envelope of N, EM(N), is the collection of all m ∈ M for which there exist r ∈ R, a ∈ M such that m = ra and rna ∈ N for some positive integer n. Always Em (N) ⊆ radM(N). We say that M satisfies the radical formula (M s.t.r.f.) if for every submodule N of M radM(N) =, the submodule of M generated by EM(N). A ring R s.t.r.f. provided that every R-module s.t.r.f.. In [25] McCasland and Moore proved that a commutative ring R s.t.r.f. provided that every free 72-module F s.t.r.f.. Accordingly, in chapter 2, prime submodules of free modules over commutative domains are investigated. A fundamental question in the study of prime submodules is how to describe radM(N) for a given submodule N of a module M. In the first section of chapter 3, radF(N) is described where N is is a finitely generated submodule of the free module F. In the second section the radicals of some non-finitely generated submodules of free modules are studied. Let M1, M2 be R-modules such that M1 ⊕ M2 s.t.r.f.. Then M1 and M2 both s.t.r.f.. The converse is not true in general. For example, if R is a Noetherian domain which is not Dedekind then the R-module R s.t.r.f. but the R-module R ⊕ R does not. But it is true in some cases and this is considered in the first section of chapter 4. For example, if R is a commutative ring and M1, M2 are R-modules such that M1 s.t.r.f. and M2 is semisimple, then M1 ⊕ M2 s.t.r.f.. Also if A is a finite direct sum of cyclic Artinian R-modules, then the R-module R ⊕ A s.t.r.f.. The aim of the second section is to describe EF(N) in a nice way, where N is a finitely generated submodule of a free module F of finite rank. In [9] Gordon and Robson proved that any ring with Krull dimension satisfies the ascending chain condition on semiprime ideals, but this result does not hold for modules in general. In particular, if R is the first Weyl algebra over a field of characteristic 0 then there are Artinian R-modules which do not satisfy the ascending chain condition on semiprime submodules. The aim of chapter 5 is to investigate when Gordon and Robson's result holds for modules. It is proved that if R is a ring which satisfies a polynomial identity then any R-module with Krull dimension satisfies the ascending chain condition on prime submodules, and, if R is left Noetherian, also the ascending chain condition on semiprime submodules

The relationship between the preferences of the oral glucose screening test and the levels of health literacy and perinatal anxiety of pregnancy

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Deconstructing Organizational Resilience: A Multiple-Case Study

This study extends previous research on organizational resilience by focusing on its relational resilience dimension and integrating with its operational resilience dimension. Our main goal is to understand relational resilience construct and complement it with operational resilience construct to have a complete and balanced picture of organizational resilience. We analyze complementary contributions of relational and operational resilience on organizational resilience in survival and sustainability dimensions. A multiple-case study has been conducted on two manufacturing and two service organizations. This study has conceptualized relational resilience beyond its survival dimension and extended it in sustainability dimension. This understanding enables congruence with the recent conceptualization of organizational and operational resilience in survival and sustainability aspects.</p

A Case of Brucellosis Presenting with Multiple Hypodense Splenic Lesions and Bilateral Pleural Effusions

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease, which mainly present with lymphoreticular system invovement. However any organ system can be attacked by the microorganism. In this paper we present a 52-year-old female patient who was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department with complaints of fatigue, arthralgias, fever, and weight loss. In the medical examination and radiological analysis bilateral pleural effusions and hepatosplenomegaly were detected. Serum transaminase levels were two times higher than the upper limits of normal. Abdominal ultrasound revealed sludge in the gallbladder and multiple hypodense splenic lesions (the largest was 1 cm in diameter). Brucella melitensis was isolated from the blood culture of the patient. Rifampicin (600 mg/day) and doxycycline (200 mg/day) therapy was started. Follow-up chest radiography and ultrasonography revealed the absence of pleural effusion. Splenic lesions and hepatosplenomegaly were totally regressed. The patient has been followed for 3 months after 6 week antibiotic regimen without recurrence. Brucellosis was expected to be the cause of all pathological signs

A Long View of Shareholder Power: From the Antebellum Corporation to the Twenty-First Century

For most of the twentieth century, the conventional wisdom held—probably correctly—that shareholders in America’s large, public corporations were passive and powerless and that managers wielded the real power. Beginning in the 1980s, however, shareholders in the form of institutional investors started to push for a greater say in corporate decision-making. In the twenty-first century, hedge funds have upped the ante, fighting for major changes in corporations whose shares they own. Once-imperial CEOs have now become embattled as they fight, but often lose, against activist shareholders demanding policy changes, new dividends, board representation, and even the sale or break-up of corporations. In short, things have changed. This Article situates the present-day rise of shareholder power by taking a long view of the previous two centuries, moving beyond traditional accounts to reach all the way back to the beginnings of the American business corporation in the early nineteenth century, then following the story of shareholder power up to the present day. Its long view reveals the complicated and shifting nature of shareholder power, documenting how periods of greater shareholder power were interspersed with periods where shareholders had little power, how the focus of shareholder power has moved from controlling shareholders to autonomous managers, and how shareholder power has ebbed and flowed across the last two centuries. This Article not only provides the backstory to present-day developments, but also suggests that what has appeared as a hallmark of American corporate capitalism—the relative powerlessness of shareholders—may only have been typical of a few decades in the middle of the twentieth century.\u3c.p\u3

Can gestational exercise have a positive effect on cognitive functions resulting from brain injury? A rat study

Aim: The effects of gestational exercise on potential pathological conditions is not known yet.&nbsp; Therefore, in the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of forced running exercise on LPS-induced brain damage in pregnant rats. Method: Pregnant females in the experimental group were forced to exercise 30 min daily for five days a week. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced brain injury model was created by administering 500 µg/kg body weight of LPS on gestational days 18 and 19.&nbsp;&nbsp; To evaluate injury histopathologically, brain tissues were fixed at the postnatal day seven through transcardial perfusion (n=4 pups/group). When the remaining pups reached 30-day of age, Morris water maze test (MWM) was performed to assess memory and learning, open filed (OP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) for testing anxiety, and Porsolt test (PT) for evaluating depression. The groups were defined as brain injury group (BI, n=13) and exercise+brain injury group (E+BI, n=7).&nbsp; Results: The results obtained from MWM test indicated that animals found the platform in a shorter duration and distance at the day five compared to the day three. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. No significant difference was found in OP test regarding the distance traveled, time spent at the margins, movement at the center and the time spent as immobile. However, in the EPM test, the offspring at the BI group displayed higher mobility and increased number of entry to the open arms compared to the E+BI groups (p=0.01).&nbsp; There was no significant difference regarding mobility duration and total distance traveled in the PT test. Conclusion: In the present study, we tested the impact of gestational exercise using the brain injury model. The results of the EPM test suggests that the gestational exercise can suppress the stress factors in the pregnant females with brain injury leading to the prevention of hyperactivity-induced negative learning behavior