trans-Bis[2-(piperazin-1-yl)­ethan­amine]­bis­(saccharinato)cobalt(II)

In the centrosymmetric title complex, [Co(C7H4NO3S)2(C6H15N3)2], the CoII ion is coordinated by two saccharinate (sac) anions and two neutral 2-piperazin-1-ylethanamine (ppzea) ligands, showing a distorted octa­hedral coordination. Sac is O-bonded via the carbonyl group, while ppzea acts as an N,N′-bidentate chelating ligand. The mol­ecules are connected by N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a linear chain running parallel to the crystallographic a axis. The compound is isostructural with the reported Ni, Zn, and Cd analogues

The effect of pre-incisional wound site infiltration with multimodal analgesia on postoperative pain in total knee arthroplasty

Background: Though Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment method for osteoarthritis, insuffient postoperative pain management affects paitents satisfaction and functional results. To an effective postoperative pain management, several methods are used for analgesia. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect  of the application of pre-incisional wound site infiltration on postoperative analgesia, additional to multi-modal analgesia methods for the provision of analgesia following Total Knee Arthroplasty. Material and methods: Total of 80 patients aged ≥55 years posted to undergo TKA were randomly separated into 2 groups. Pre-incisional injection was administered to the skin for the group I patients, wherreas patiemts of group II were not administered pre-incisional injection. For postoperative pain management additional multi-modal analgesia methods were applied in both groups. To evaluate the level of postoperative pain, a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score at rest and dynamic VAS (DVAS) during activity were used. The time of requirement for first analgesia and the amount of analgesia required were recorded. The patients were monitored throughout the operation and in the postoperative period for side-effects. Results: Postoperative VAS scores of Group I were found to be statistically significantly lower than those of Group II (p<0.05). The DVAS scores which were evaluated together with mobilisation, determined to be statistically significantly lower in Group I (p<0.05). The time of requirement for analgesia was determined to be later in Group I and the total amount of analgesia administered in the postoperative period was lower in Group I. No statistically significant difference was determined between the two groups in side-effects. Conclusion: The application of pre-incisional infiltration can be considered to be a safe and effective method, which is easy to apply and has low potential for side-effects, while increasing the efficacy of multi-modal analgesia.

Factors Affecting the Attitudes of Women toward Family Planning

Everyone has the right to decide on the number and timing of children without discrimination, violence and oppression, to have the necessary information and facilities for it, to access sexual and reproductive health services at the highest standard. Deficient or incorrect family planning methods, wrong attitudes and behaviors toward the methods and consequent unplanned pregnancies, increased maternal and infant mortality rates are the main health problems in most countries. Individuals’ learning modern family planning methods and having positive attitude for these methods may increase the usage of these methods and contributes the formation of healthy communities. It is considered important to examine the current attitudes and determinants in order to spread the choice of effective method

2,4-Dibromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl acetate

In the title compound, C11H10Br2O2, the cyclo­pentene ring fused to the benzene ring adopts an envelope conformation, with the C atom attached to the Br atom as the flap. The crystal structure does not exhibit any classical hydrogen bonds. The mol­ecular packing is stabilized by van der Waals forces and π–π stacking inter­actions with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.811 (4) Å

Trueness of crowns fabricated by using additively and subtractively manufactured resin-based CAD-CAM materials.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Advancements in digital dental technologies have enabled the use of different resin-based materials that can be fabricated either additively or subtractively. However, knowledge on the fabrication trueness of these materials is scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the trueness of crowns fabricated by using different resin-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A complete crown for a mandibular right first molar with a 30-μm cement space was designed in standard tessellation language (STL) format. This master STL (MC-STL) was used to fabricate 40 complete crowns with 4 different resin-based CAD-CAM materials and either additive (Crowntec [MS]) or subtractive techniques (Brilliant Crios [BC], breCAM.monoCOM [PMMA], and G-CAM [GR]; n=10). All crowns were digitized with an intraoral scanner (CEREC Primescan SW 5.2) to generate their STL files (TC-STLs). MC-STL and TC-STLs were transferred into a 3-dimensional analysis software program (Medit Link v2.4.4), and a trueness (overall, external, occlusal, intaglio occlusal, and marginal) analysis was performed by using the root mean square (RMS) method. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were performed to analyze data (α=.05). RESULTS The test groups had significantly different deviations on all surfaces (P≤.001). MS crowns had higher overall (P≤.007) and external surface (P≤.001) deviations than GR and PMMA crowns, while the differences between GR and PMMA crowns were not significant (P≥.441). BC crowns had higher external surface deviations than GR crowns (P=.005), higher occlusal deviations than GR and MS crowns (P≤.007), and higher intaglio occlusal deviations than GR and MS crowns (P≤.009). However, BC crowns had lower marginal deviations than MS and GR crowns (P≤.018). CONCLUSIONS The brand of resin-based CAD-CAM materials affected the trueness of crowns. Additively manufactured crowns (MS) mostly had lower overall and external surface trueness than the other groups. Nevertheless, the deviation values of occlusal, intaglio occlusal, and marginal trueness were generally small; thus, the effect of the tested materials on clinical crown fit may be negligible

Effect of simulated brushing and disinfection on the surface roughness and color stability of CAD-CAM denture base materials.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of simulated brushing and chemical disinfection on the surface roughness and color stability of CAD-CAM denture base materials and to compare with those of a heat-cured denture base material. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disk-shaped specimens (Ø 10mm × 2 mm) were prepared from 3 CAD-CAM denture base resins (AvaDent, Ava; Merz M-PM, Merz; Polident d.o.o, Poli) and a heat-cured polymethylmethacrylate resin (Promolux, Conv) (n = 30). After polishing, baseline surface roughness (Ra) and color coordinates were measured. The measurements were repeated after 20000 cycles of simulated brushing, and the specimens were divided into 3 groups according to disinfection protocol (distilled water, 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and effervescent tablet) (n = 10). After 9 cleaning cycles over a period of 20 days, Ra and color coordinates were remeasured. Color differences (ΔE00) were calculated by using CIEDE2000 formula. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise t-tests were used to analyze Ra and ΔE00 data, while repeated measures ANOVA test was used to compare baseline, after brush, and after disinfection Ra values (α = 0.05). RESULTS Brushing did not affect the Ra values of tested materials (P ≥ .08). Both before and after brushing, Merz and Conv had higher Ra values than Poli and Ava (P < .001). Among disinfectants, effervescent tablet led to the lowest Ra for Merz (P = .003) and the highest Ra for Poli (P ≤ .039). Only NaOCl resulted in significant differences among the Ra of materials (P < .001), as Merz and Conv had higher Ra values than Poli (P ≤ .002). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that effervescent tablet disinfection of Merz led to lower Ra values than those of baseline and after brushing (P ≤ .042). After brushing, Ava and Conv had higher ΔE00 values compared with Merz and Poli (P ≤ .015). When compared with other disinfection protocols, effervescent tablet led to higher ΔE00 values for Merz and Poli (P < .001). Significant differences were observed among materials when NaOCl was used; Conv had higher ΔE00 values than Ava and Merz (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS Brushing did not increase the surface roughness of materials. Disinfection protocol's effect on the surface roughness varied. The effect of brushing on the color of materials varied; color of Ava and Conv was affected from brushing more than the other materials. Color stability of materials varied depending on the disinfection protocol. Effervescent tablet caused higher color change with Merz and Poli compared with other disinfectants. NaOCl led to small color change for Poli, Ava, and Merz materials

Surface Roughness and Color Stability of 3D-Printed Denture Base Materials after Simulated Brushing and Thermocycling.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used to fabricate denture base materials. However, information on the effect of simulated brushing and thermocycling on the surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base materials is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brushing and thermocycling on the surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base materials and to compare with those of milled and heat-polymerized denture base resins. Disk-shaped specimens (Ø 10 mm × 2 mm) were prepared from 4 different denture base resins (NextDent Denture 3D+ (ND); Denturetec (SC); Polident d.o.o (PD); Promolux (CNV)) (n = 10). Surface roughness (Ra) values were measured before and after polishing with a profilometer. Initial color coordinates were measured by using a spectrophotometer after polishing. Specimens were then consecutively subjected to simulated brushing (10,000 cycles), thermocycling (10,000 cycles), and brushing (10,000 cycles) again. Ra and color coordinates were measured after each interval. Color differences (ΔE00) between each interval were calculated and these values were further evaluated considering previously reported perceptibility (1.72 units) and acceptability (4.08 units) thresholds. Data were analyzed with Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Ra (p ≥ 0.051) and ΔE00 (p ≥ 0.061) values among different time intervals within each material were similar. Within each time interval, significant differences in Ra (p ≤ 0.002) and ΔE00 values (p ≤ 0.001) were observed among materials. Polishing, brushing, and thermocycling resulted in acceptable surface roughness for all materials that were either similar to or below 0.2 µm. Color of ND printed resin was affected by brushing and thermocycling. All materials had acceptable color stability when reported thresholds are considered

Effect of measurement techniques and operators on measured deviations in digital implant scans.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of different measurement techniques and operators on measured deviations in in vitro implant scans. METHODS A 2-piece system that comprises a healing abutment (HA) and a scan body (SB) was mounted onto an implant at right first molar site of a polymethylmethacrylate mandibular dentate model. Model was digitized by using an industrial scanner (reference model scan, n=1) and an intraoral scanner (test scan, n=20). All standard tessellation language files were imported into a 3-dimensional analysis software and superimposed. Three operators with similar experience performed circle-based and point-based deviation analyses (n=20). Deviations measured with different techniques were compared with paired samples t-test within each operator, while the reliability of the operators was assessed by using F-tests for both technqiues (α=.05). RESULTS Point-based technique resulted in lower deviations than circle-based technique for all operators (P=.001) with to higher reliability among operators (ICC=.438, P=.001). The correlation among the operators was nonsignificant when circle-based technique was used (ICC=.114, P=.189). CONCLUSION Lower deviations were detected with the point-based technique. In addition, different operators' measurements had higher correlation when point-based technique was used compared with circle-based technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Point-based technique may be preferred over circle-based technique for research studies on scan accuracy of implants, given its higher reliability. The accuracy of measured deviations may increase if the number of planes are increased, which can facilitate point generation at different surfaces of the scan body