Proteomic applications of different biological organisms Farkli biyolojik organizmalarda proteomik uygulamalar

Proteomics described in 1994 for the first time by Marc Wilkins is based on the analysis all proteins present at any time in an organism, tissue or cell by using a largescale protein separation and identification methods. The proteome is all the different proteins that an organism possesses and expresses at a certain time and place. Proteomic expresses the structures of all proteins at a certain time and place, placements, quantities, the post-translational modifications, functions in tissues and cells, and the interactions of other proteins and macro molecules. DNAs in cells of different tissues and organs are similar, but proteins are dissimilar. Therefore, science of genetics is not sufficient for the diagnosis of various diseases. For this reason, there is increasing interest in the science of proteomics day by day. In this review, firstly, we evaluated different protein extraction methods, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2- DE), and proteomic applications which include mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Secondly, it is mentioned that the studies carried out by proteomics in different field of medicine through using of different organism or tissue. In addition, in recent years, the studies have been evaluated to determine the response of different biological organisms and protein used in defense mechanisms when expose to biotic or abiotic stresses by proteome analyses

A multicentre prospective analysis of the incidence of pemphigoid diseases in Turkey

Background The differentiation between the pemphigoid diseases is essential for treatment and prognosis. In Turkey, data on the incidence of these diseases are insufficient. Our aim in this study is to determine the incidence, demographics and clinical characteristics associated with diseases of the pemphigoid group. Methods We prospectively analysed 295 patients with pemphigoid who visited dermatology clinics of tertiary referral hospitals in 12 different regions of Turkey within a year. The diagnosis was based on clinical, histopathological, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and serological (multivariant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect immunofluorescence and mosaic-based BIOCHIP) examinations. Clinical and demographic findings, aetiological factors and concomitant diseases observed in the patients were recorded. Results A total of 295 (female/male ratio: 1.7/1) patients with pemphigoid were diagnosed in 1-year period. The overall incidence rate of pemphigoid diseases was found to be 3.55 cases per million-years. The ratio of pemphigoid group diseases to pemphigus group diseases was 1.6. The most common pemphigoid type was bullous pemphigoid (BP, 93.2%). The others were epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (3.1%), pemphigoid gestationis (2.4%), linear IgA disease (1%) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (0.3%). The most common (26.8%) possible trigger of the bullous pemphigoid was gliptin derivative drugs. The most common concomitant diseases with pemphigoid were cardiovascular (27.8%) and neurological diseases (23.7%). Conclusions This study showed that the increased frequency of bullous pemphigoid reversed the pemphigoid/pemphigus ratio in Turkey. Further studies are warranted regarding the reasons for this increase