General Aspects of the Cobalt Chemistry

This chapter aims to collect and summarize the chemical properties of cobalt and some new cobalt compounds. It deals with the progress of cobalt chemistry. Cobalt has been substantial in both chemical reactions and within many compounds. Some of them are heterocyclic reactions, cobalt-based catalyst and cobalamin. Also, it discusses variety of applications of cobalt in a wide range of areas and toxicity of cobalt. The studies carried out in this area so far have enabled and will be continued to be responsible for producing unknown and difficult reactions. This survey of the recent literature illustrates the fact that many different approaches on cobalt and new cobalt compounds are being used in many different areas

Special Focus Introduction: Translating Multilingualism

Special Focus Introduction: Translating Multilingualis

A SNAPSHOT VIEW OF HRM IN TURKEY: EVIDENCES FROM COMPANIES LOCATED IN MARMARA REGION

HRM discipline, occurring in 1920’s in the USA, has been predominant in the USA and the European countries and there has been evolving phases throughout the 20th century (Storey, 1989). Personnel management began to gain a more managerial role in the 1960s. As a result of this process, there has been a shift from activities such as arrangement of data storage and personnel files to the administration of employee procedures (Fombrun et al., 1984). However, in practice the replacement of HRM for personnel management has only meant the change of department names and titles for some companies and “there has been no considerable change in terms of the function’s quality and activities (Armstrong, 2000). Research shows that the number of department names and titles containing the term “human resources” appears to be significantly higher than the ones containing the term “personnel” (Caldwell, 2002, Bayraktaroglu, 2006). Turkey is not an exception to this trend and contributed greatly by changing the department names overnight in most companies. Examining the current issues that have recently taken place in the HRM field, it would be suitable to point out that the strategic nature and role of the HR function have been emphasized since the 1980s (Bayraktaroglu, 2002). The HR function’s gaining of a strategic role is said to show the increase of its importance (Bowen et al., 2002). This paper critically explores the current status of HRM in large Turkish and will be based on questionnaires conducted within large companies who have HR departments in Marmara Region of Turkey

Religious Worship in Patients with Abdominal Stoma: Praying and Fasting during Ramadan

Background: Religion, which occupies an important place in culture, has an effect on not only the patient’s acceptance of the treatment but also his or her post-treatment life style.Aim: The purpose of this paper was to determine the performance of religious rituals in abdominal stoma patients and their views on the effects of stoma on religious worship.Methodology: A descriptive and cross sectional design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 66 patients. The researchers developed a set of questions regarding the individual's background and characteristics of stoma and prayer rituals and fasting during Ramadan. Frequency, percentages, mean, range and chi-square test was used to analyze. Results: It was found that 87.9% of the patients (n=58) fasted regularly before stoma-creation, which decreased to 43.9% (n=29) after stoma creation; 74.2% of the patients (n=49) prayed regularly before stoma creation, which decreased to 53% (n=35) after stoma-creation. The comparison of practices of fasting (χ2: 7.13; p<0.01) and praying (χ2: 25.85; p<0.001) before and after stoma surgery revealed a statistically significant difference. 69.0% of the participants, who were unable to fast after stoma creation, were afraid of causing damage to the stoma whereas 71.4% of the participants who were unable to pray reported not having performed their prayers due to feeling unclean. 27.6% of the participants who fasted after stoma creation reported having felt discomfort.Conclusions: In this study, we found that the performance of fasting and praying decreased in patients after stoma surgery. This finding indicates that stoma significantly affects fasting and praying in patients and that patients are unable to perform these religious duties or experience some difficulties in performing their religious worship

Imperforate Hymen Causing Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis in an Infant with Bicornuate Uterus

A rare case of imperforate hymen associated with bicornuate uterus in an infant is presented as a cause of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and pelvic mass in infancy. The importance of postoperative radiologic evaluation for diagnosis of accompanying uterine abnormalities is introduced. A 8-month-old girl with restlessness and intermittent fever was brought to the daily outpatient clinic by her parents. Ultrasound exam showed bilateral grade 4 hydroureteronephrosis and a large cystic pelvic mass. Magnetic resonance scan of the pelvis revealed marked hematocolpos. A cruciate incision was made over the hymen under general anesthesia. During a 6-month followup gradual resolution of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis was documented. Although the details of the uterine anomaly were obscured in preoperative imaging, postoperative US and MR demonstrated bicornuate uterus. Postoperative pelvic radiologic examination is highly recommended to verify the resolution of hematocolpos and to screen for any concomitant anomalies that can have long-term clinical significance

O R I G I N A L P A P E R .r . Religious Worship in Patients with Abdominal Stoma: Praying and Fasting during Ramadan

Abstract Background: Religion, which occupies an important place in culture, has an effect on not only the patient&apos;s acceptance of the treatment but also his or her post-treatment life style. Aim: The purpose of this paper was to determine the performance of religious rituals in abdominal stoma patients and their views on the effects of stoma on religious worship. Methodology: A descriptive and cross sectional design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 66 patients. The researchers developed a set of questions regarding the individual&apos;s background and characteristics of stoma and prayer rituals and fasting during Ramadan. Frequency, percentages, mean, range and chi-square test was used to analyze. Results: It was found that 87.9% of the patients (n=58) fasted regularly before stoma-creation, which decreased to 43.9% (n=29) after stoma creation; 74.2% of the patients (n=49) prayed regularly before stoma creation, which decreased to 53% (n=35) after stoma-creation. The comparison of practices of fasting (χ2: 7.13; p&lt;0.01) and praying (χ2: 25.85; p&lt;0.001) before and after stoma surgery revealed a statistically significant difference. 69.0% of the participants, who were unable to fast after stoma creation, were afraid of causing damage to the stoma whereas 71.4% of the participants who were unable to pray reported not having performed their prayers due to feeling unclean. 27.6% of the participants who fasted after stoma creation reported having felt discomfort. Conclusions: In this study, we found that the performance of fasting and praying decreased in patients after stoma surgery. This finding indicates that stoma significantly affects fasting and praying in patients and that patients are unable to perform these religious duties or experience some difficulties in performing their religious worship

Utjecaj dodatka srebrne pokožice zrna kave na in-vitro preživljavanje kefirne kulture tijekom skladištenja

Probiotic dairy products must contain a certain level of live probiotic microorganisms at the time of consumption. The number of live microorganisms in kefir culture, which is a mixture of different microorganisms, may change during storage due to various factors. In this study, the effects of adding a novel ingredient coffee bean membrane (CSS-coffee silverskin), on the viability of microorganisms contained in kefir culture were investigated. For this purpose, CSS obtained from 2 different coffee varieties (Arabica and Robusta) was added to kefir samples at 3 different concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 %) at the beginning of fermentation. It was observed that especially the addition of CSS belonging to the Robusta variety significantly increased the viability of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli and lactococci) which accounted for 88-94.10 % and 82.37-92.44 % respectively. During the storage period of 28 days at 4 °C; it could be observed that kefir enrichment with CSS of both coffee varieties increased the viability of lactobacilli and lactococci after in-vitro digestion, depending on the rate of supplementation. Number of yeasts was decreased during the storage.Probiotički mliječni proizvodi moraju u trenutku konzumacije sadržavati određenu količinu živih probitičkih bakterija. Kefirna kultura sadrži različite vrste mikroorganizama čiji se broj, ovisno o brojnim čimbenicima, može mijenjati tijekom skladištenja. U ovom je istraživanju ispitivan utjecaj dodatka novog tipa funkcionalnog sastojka - srebrne pokožice zrna kave (eng. CSS, coffee silverskin) na raspoloživost mikroorganizama koji čine kefirnu kulturu. U tu svrhu je CSS dobiven iz dvije vrste kave (Arabica i Robusta) dodavan uzorcima kefira u tri različite koncentracije (0,5, 0,75 i 1,0 %) na početku procesa fermentacije. Utvrđeno je kako je prije svega dodatak CSS dobivenog od Robusta vrste značajno utjecao na preživljavanje bakterija mliječne kiseline (laktobacila i laktokoka) koja je iznosila 88,00-94.10 %, odnosno 82,37-92,44 %. Tijekom 28 dana skladištenja na 4 °C utvrđeno je kako obogaćivanje kefira s CSS dobivenim iz obje vrste kave povećava preživljavanje laktobacila i laktokoka u uvjetima in vitro probave, što je uvjetovano količinom dodatka. Također, broj plijesni padao je tijekom skladištenja

Identification of factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle in Turkey

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Gliosarcoma: a study of four cases

Gliosarcomas (GS) are highly malignant and rare tumors of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis. We report here on four patients with GS, the median survival for whom was 9.25 months. Prognosis of GS remains poor, and a multidisciplinary approach (surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) seems to be associated with slightly more prolonged survival times