The Effects of Infliximab on Laminin, NF κ

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of infliximab on expression of laminin, anti-TNF, and NFκB in the rat hepatic cells after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Control (C), sham I/R (ISC), and I/R+ infliximab (ISC inf); each group comprised 10 animals. C group animals underwent laparotomy without I/R injury. In ISC groups after undergoing laparotomy, 1 hour of superior mesenteric artery ligation was done, which was followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. In the ISC inf group, 3 days before I/R, infliximab (3 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. All animals were killed at the end of reperfusion and hepatic tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and histochemical investigations in all groups. Laminin, anti-TNF, and NFκB immunoreactivity were performed for all groups. ISC caused severe histopathological injury including mucosal erosions, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and villous congestion. Infliximab treatment significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal I/R injury and it is shown by laminin, anti-TNF, and NFκB immunoreactivity. Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, infliximab pretreatment may have protective effects on hepatic cells in the experimental intestinal I/R model of rats

Histopathological effects of intramuscular metamizole sodium on rat sciatic nerve

WOS: 000389136100004PubMed: 27746863Objective(s): We investigated the histopathological effects of metamizole sodium (MS) on the sciatic nerve. Materials and Methods: This study was performed using 48 adult male Wistar albino rats. Ten groups were constituted with 6 rats in each group. MS injection into the sciatic nerve (group 1), MS injection into the muscle [group 3 (50 mg/kg, 0.4 ml) and group 5 (50 mg/kg, 0.8 ml)], MS injection into the muscle cavity in the vicinity of the sciatic nerve [group 2 (50 mg/kg, 0.4 ml) and group 4 (50 mg/kg, 0.8 ml)], normal saline injection into the muscle in the vicinity of the sciatic nerve [group 6A (0.4 ml) and 6B (0.8 ml)], subjected to injury by drilling the entire layer of nerve without injecting any drug, normal saline injection in the sciatic nerve, and control group. Nerve and muscle samples were taken 7 days after administrations. Tissue sections were stained using a hematoxylin and eosin-Luxol (R) fast blue stain, assessed by a histologist. Results: the levels of axonal degeneration of the rats in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, and 8 were found to be significantly higher compared to the levels of the rats in the control group (P< 0.05). Myelin degeneration of the rats in all groups was found to be significantly higher compared to myelin degeneration of the rats in the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: It was observed that MS could lead to injury in the sciatic nerve with a toxic effect due to diffusion

Mobile phone radiation during pubertal development has no effect on testicular histology in rats

yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173WOS: 000369179000018PubMed: 24097363Mobile phones are extensively used throughout the world. There is a growing concern about the possible public health hazards posed by electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phones. Potential health risk applies particularly to the most intensive mobile phone users-typically, young people. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mobile phone exposure to the testes, by assessing the histopathological and biochemical changes in the testicular germ cells of rats during pubertal development. A total of 12 male Sprague Dawley rats were used. the study group (n = 6) was exposed to a mobile phone for 1 h a day for 45 days, while the control group (n = 6) remained unexposed. the testes were processed with routine paraffin histology and sectioned. They were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, caspase 3, and Ki-67 and then photographed. No changes were observed between the groups (p > 0.05). the interstitial connective tissue and cells of the exposed group were of normal morphology. No abnormalities in the histological appearance of the seminiferous tubules, including the spermatogenic cycle stage, were observed. Our study demonstrated that mobile phones with a low specific absorption rate have no harmful effects on pubertal rat testicles.Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, TurkeyRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityThis work was supported by all authors with no external funding from a government agency or company. the animals, materials, and drugs were provided by the author L.T. as research fund from his institution (Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.

Utility of near infrared spectrophotometry in mesenteric ischemia: An experimental study

Kalkan, Asim/0000-0002-5800-0201WOS: 000444424600004This study investigated the effectiveness of near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry for measuring abdominal saturation in a rat model of induced mesenteric ischemia. This was a randomized, controlled, non-blinded interventional animal study. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Following induction of anesthesia, the abdominal region was shaved and intra-abdominal access was achieved through a 4-cm midline incision and basal measurements were performed using an INVOS-5100c device. the rats were grouped on the basis of rSO2 measurement times. Mesenteric artery ligation was not performed on the control group rats. From the rest of the mesenteric artery ligated rats, measurements were taken at 30 min, at 2 h and at 6 h. Measurements were repeated using NIR spectrophotometry probes after the abdomen was surgically closed. Following the measurements, the abdomen was re-opened and small intestine tissue specimens were taken for histopathological examination. Initial and final NIR spectrophotometry measurements were compared. No statistically significant difference was found in the group 1 between basal rSO2 values and post-incision values (p = 0.748). There was a significant variation between the initial and final measurements in groups 2, 3, and 4 (p = 0.018). Although various radiological or biochemical markers are available for detecting mesenteric ischemia, the use of NIR spectrophotometry can be considered a good non-invasive alternative method for early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia

Protective effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors on methotrexate-induced pancreatic toxicity

Mercantepe, Tolga/0000-0002-8506-1755WOS: 000436494700001PubMed: 29808967Background. Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist, is commonly used in the treatment of many different types of cancer and inflammatory diseases, including pancreatic cancer, although its side effects on the pancreas have not yet been researched. the mechanism of MTX-induced toxicity is not well known, and it has been reported in high-dose toxicity studies that the pancreas is sensitive to toxic effects. Objectives. the aim of our study was to determine whether adalimumab (ADA) has a preventive effect on MTX-induced pancreas toxicity in rats. Material and methods. the rats were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups (Group 1 comprised the healthy controls, Group 2 was the MTX group, and Group 3 was the MTX +ADA group). the rats in Groups 2 and 3 received an intraperitoneal (ip.) single-dose injection of MTX (20 mg/kg). A single dose of 5 mg/kg ADA (REMICADE (R)) was administered ip. to Group 3. All the rats were sacrificed under anesthesia 5 days after receiving the MTX injection. Results. Significantly higher mean edema, necrotic cell, and inflammatory scores were recorded in Groups 2 and 3 compared to those recorded in Group 1. Significantly decreased edema, number of necrotic cells, and inflammatory scores were noted in Group 3 than in Group 2. A decrease in islets of Langerhans cell insulin and somatostatin-positive interneurons was demonstrated after the administration of MTX. An increase in insulin and somatostatin-positive cells in islets of Langerhans, as well as a remodeling of the structure of the pancreas, was shown following treatment with ADA. Conclusions. Adalimumab was demonstrated to have a protective effect against MTX-induced pancreatic injury in this study.Scientific Research Department of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey [BAP: 2015.53001.106.01.03]This study was supported by the Scientific Research Department of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey (Project No BAP: 2015.53001.106.01.03)

The effect of exposure of rats during prenatal period to radiation spreading from mobile phones on renal development

yilmaz, adnan/0000-0001-9769-9791; yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173WOS: 000350554300023PubMed: 25691088Background: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) produced by mobile phones on the renal development of prenatal rats. Histopathological changes and apoptosis in the kidneys, together with levels of urea, creatinine and electrolyte in serum were determined. Methods: A total of 14 Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Pregnant rats were divided into two equal groups: a control group and an EMF-exposed group. the study group was exposed to 900-MHz of EMF during the first 20 days of pregnancy, while the control group was unexposed to EMF. Sections obtained from paraffin blocks were stained for caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Results: Mild congestion and tubular defects, and dilatation of Bowman's capsule were observed in the kidney tissues of rats in the exposed group. Apoptosis was evaluated using anti-caspase-3; stronger positive staining was observed in the renal tubular cells in the study group than those of the control group. Although there was a significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of K+ level (p 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that the electromagnetic waves propagated from mobile phones have harmful effects on the renal development of prenatal rats

Effects of chronic exposure to electromagnetic waves on the auditory system

WOS: 000356673400004PubMed: 25836770Conclusion: the results support that chronic electromagnetic field exposure may cause damage by leading to neuronal degeneration of the auditory system. Objectives: Numerous researches have been done about the risks of exposure to the electromagnetic fields that occur during the use of these devices, especially the effects on hearing. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile phones through the electrophysiological and histological methods. Methods: Twelve adult Wistar albino rats were included in the study. the rats were divided into two groups of six rats. the study group was exposed to the electromagnetic waves over a period of 30 days. the control group was not given any exposure to the electromagnetic fields. After the completion of the electromagnetic wave application, the auditory brainstem responses of both groups were recorded under anesthesia. the degeneration of cochlear nuclei was graded by two different histologists, both of whom were blinded to group information. Results: the histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis showed neuronal degeneration signs, such as increased vacuolization in the cochlear nucleus, pyknotic cell appearance, and edema in the group exposed to the electromagnetic fields compared to the control group. the average latency of wave in the ABR was similar in both groups (p > 0.05)

Topiramate Reduces Aortic Cross-Clamping-Induced Lung Injury in Male Rats

Background: Topiramate (TPM) decreases cytokine release and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cytokine and endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion and ROS formation play an important role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to evaluate whether TPM prevents damage occurring in lung tissue during I/R. Materials and Methods: A total of 27 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups of nine. To the I/R group, two hours of ischemia via infrarenal abdominal aorta cross-ligation and then two hours of reperfusion process were applied. TPM (100 mg/kg/day) orally for seven days was administered in the TPM treatment group. After the last dose of TPM treatment, respectively, two hours of ischemia and two hours of reperfusion were applied in this group. Results: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.05) and ET-1 (p < 0.05) levels of TPM treatment group’s lung tissue were significantly lower than for the I/R group. Caspase-3 and histopathological damage were rather lower than that of the I/R group. Conclusions: During I/R, lung damage occurs due to excessive TNF-α and ET-1 release and ROS generation. TPM could well reduce development of lung damage by decreasing cytokine and ET-1 release and levels of ROS produced

Effect of sugammadex on rocuronium induced changes in pancreatic mast cells

Erdivanli, Basar/0000-0002-3955-8242; yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173WOS: 000358889100008PubMed: 23552269Mast cells play a vital role in hypersensitivity reactions. Rocuronium is known to cause mast cell mobilization, hypersensitivity, and pancreatitis. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sugammadex on pancreatic changes due to rocuronium. A total of 42 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into six equal groups to receive either rocuronium 1mg/kg intravenously (i.v., R group), rocuronium 1mg/kg+sugammadex 16mg/kg i.v. (RS16 group), rocuronium 1mg/kg+sugammadex 96mg/kg i.v. (RS96 group), sugammadex 16mg/kg (S16), sugammadex 96mg/kg i.v. (S96 group), or 0.9% sodium chloride (control group). Sugammadex was administered 5s later following rocuronium. in R group, mast count was higher, and the distribution rate of granules and nuclear changes were different compared with other groups. Distribution rate of granules in groups S16 and S96 were similar to the control group and lower compared with other groups. the amount of mast cells and granule density in groups RS16 and RS96 was lower compared with R group. the amount of mast cells in groups RS16 and RS96 was significantly lower compared with other treatment groups. These results suggest that sugammadex may have an inhibitory effect on mobilization and morphological changes in pancreatic mast cells induced by administration of rocuronium and sugammadex in rats.Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, TurkeyRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityThis work was financially supported by all authors. No external funding was obtained. the animals, materials, and drugs were obtained by the first author as research fund from his institution (Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey)

Effects of exposure to 2100 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic field on auditory system of rats

Ozgur, Abdulkadir/0000-0002-6155-5988; Erdogan, Ender/0000-0002-6220-9243WOS: 000417392200014PubMed: 27865708Introduction: the use of mobile phones has become widespread in recent years. Although beneficial from the communication viewpoint, the electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phones may cause unwanted biological changes in the human body. Objective: in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 2100 MHz Global System for Mobile communication (GSM-like) electromagnetic field, generated by an electromagnetic fields generator, on the auditory system of rats by using electrophysiological, histopathologic and immunohistochemical methods. Methods: Fourteen adult Wistar albino rats were included in the study. the rats were divided randomly into two groups of seven rats each. the study group was exposed continuously for 30 days to a 2100 MHz electromagnetic fields with a signal level (power) of 5.4 dBm (3.47 mW) to simulate the talk mode on a mobile phone. the control group was not exposed to the aforementioned electromagnetic fields. After 30 days, the Auditory Brainstem Responses of both groups were recorded and the rats were sacrificed. the cochlear nuclei were evaluated by histopathologic and immunohistochemical methods. Results: the Auditory Brainstem Responses records of the two groups did not differ significantly. the histopathologic analysis showed increased degeneration signs in the study group (p = 0.007). in addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased apoptotic index in the study group compared to that in the control group (p = 0.002). Conclusion: the results support that long-term exposure to a GSM-like 2100 MHz electromagnetic fields causes an increase in neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the auditory system. (C) 2016 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda