The sting of \u3cem\u3eMesobuthus gibbosus\u3c/em\u3e (Scorpiones: Buthidae): morphological and ultrastructural characterization

The objective of our study is to characterize the morphological and ultrastructural features of the sting of scorpion species Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) (Buthidae) by using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The venom is delivered by venom ducts, passing through the sting and exiting from the venom pores. Each venom gland has its own venom duct and pore. The venom pores are situated on both sides of the tip of sting. venom ducts are identified in the transverse discussion in this study

Burden of disease attributable to risk factors in European countries: a scoping literature review

Objectives: Within the framework of the burden of disease (BoD) approach, disease, and injury burden estimates attributable to risk factors are a useful guide for policy formulation and priority setting in disease prevention. Considering the important differences in methods, and their impact on burden estimates, we conducted a scoping literature review to: (1) map the BoD assessments including risk factors performed across Europe, and (2) identify the methodological choices in comparative risk assessment (CRA) and risk assessment methods. Methods: We searched multiple literature databases, including grey literature websites, and targeted public health agencies' websites. Results: A total of 113 studies were included in the synthesis and further divided into independent BoD assessments (54 studies) and studies linked to the Global Burden of Disease (59 papers). Our results showed that the methods used to perform CRA varied substantially across independent European BoD studies. While there were some methodological choices that were more common than others, we did not observe patterns in terms of country, year, or risk factor. Each methodological choice can affect the comparability of estimates between and within countries and/or risk factors since they might significantly influence the quantification of the attributable burden. From our analysis, we observed that the use of CRA was less common for some types of risk factors and outcomes. These included environmental and occupational risk factors, which are more likely to use bottom-up approaches for health outcomes where disease envelopes may not be available. Conclusions: Our review also highlighted misreporting, the lack of uncertainty analysis, and the under-investigation of causal relationships in BoD studies. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting BoD studies will help understand differences, and avoid misinterpretations thus improving comparability among estimates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Burden of disease attributable to risk factors in European countries: a scoping literature review

Objectives: Within the framework of the burden of disease (BoD) approach, disease, and injury burden estimates attributable to risk factors are a useful guide for policy formulation and priority setting in disease prevention. Considering the important differences in methods, and their impact on burden estimates, we conducted a scoping literature review to: (1) map the BoD assessments including risk factors performed across Europe, and (2) identify the methodological choices in comparative risk assessment (CRA) and risk assessment methods. Methods: We searched multiple literature databases, including grey literature websites, and targeted public health agencies' websites. Results: A total of 113 studies were included in the synthesis and further divided into independent BoD assessments (54 studies) and studies linked to the Global Burden of Disease (59 papers). Our results showed that the methods used to perform CRA varied substantially across independent European BoD studies. While there were some methodological choices that were more common than others, we did not observe patterns in terms of country, year, or risk factor. Each methodological choice can affect the comparability of estimates between and within countries and/or risk factors since they might significantly influence the quantification of the attributable burden. From our analysis, we observed that the use of CRA was less common for some types of risk factors and outcomes. These included environmental and occupational risk factors, which are more likely to use bottom-up approaches for health outcomes where disease envelopes may not be available. Conclusions: Our review also highlighted misreporting, the lack of uncertainty analysis, and the under-investigation of causal relationships in BoD studies. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting BoD studies will help understand differences, and avoid misinterpretations thus improving comparability among estimates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fine Structure of Venom Glands of the Scorpion Mesobuthus gibbosus (BRULLE, 1832) (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

WOS: 000273147700007The objective of the present study was to describe the functional morphology, histology, and ultrastructure of venom glands of Mesobuthus gibbosus (BRULLE, 1832) for the first time using a light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The venom glands are situated in the last segment of the metasoma, named the telson. The telson contains a pair of venom glands equal in size and shape. The two glands are segregated within the bulbous base of the telson by striated muscular bundles, and the outer surface of the venom glands is surrounded by a cuticle. An internal layer constitutes the secretory epithelium. This epithelium is made up of simple and columnar cells. The nucleus and organelles involved in synthetic activity of the cell are situated in the basal portion of the cells. In the apical portion of the cells near the gland lumen, there are many secretory granules of different sizes, shapes, and electron densities. All types of secretory materials are located in vesicles limited by the biomembranes

Observation on Burrowing Behaviour, Oviposition and External Egg Morphology of Gylippus (Gylippus) syriacus (Simon, 1872) (Arachnida: Solifugae: Gylippidae)

WOS: 000390980400011The burrowing and oviposition of Gylippus (Gylippus) syriacus (Simon, 1872) are described. The external morphology of eggs is studied by scanning electron microscopy. Live females were collected from Sanhurfa and Mardin Provinces in South-eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey, and maintained under laboratory conditions. This species constructs elongate oval-shaped burrows in both natural and laboratory conditions. The yellowish-white orbicular-shaped eggs, ay. 1.125 nun in diameter, and the eggs' chorion surfaces bore truncate papillae.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale University [BAP/2011-16]We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Alfredo V. Peretti (National University of Cordoba, Argentina) for his valuable scientific and linguistic improvements. Thanks also to Dr. Halil Koc (University of Sinop, Turkey) and Dr. Ersen Aydin Yagmur (University of Celal Bayar, Turkey) for their help during the field work. This paper is a part of the doctoral thesis of the corresponding author and has been supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Kirikkale University (Project number: BAP/2011-16

Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells by use of scanning electron microscopy

WOS: 000257576500006PubMed: 20161958The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of O. basilucum exhibited the antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. While the chloroform and acetone extracts had no effect, the methanol extracts showed inhibition zones against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and two different strains of Escherichia coli. The cells of microorganisms, which were treated and untreated with plant extracts, were observed by using the scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the treated cells were damaged

Screening antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L.

Ozkan, Gulcan/0000-0002-3333-7537WOS: 000251002300013PubMed: 16986171The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. were studied. These extracts were tested against nine bacteria and four yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extract of A. dracunculus is more effective against tested microorganisms than chloroform or acetone extracts. The chloroform and acetone extracts were inhibitory only towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). While the methanol extract that was diluted with 10 ml distilled water showed inhibition zones against Shigella (RSHI), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, R. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), the methanol extract that was diluted with 5 ml distilled water showed inhibition zones against two different strains of Escherichia coli (RSHI, ATCC 25922), Shigella (RSHI), L. monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The cells of microorganisms treated with plant extracts and normal microorganism cells were observed by scanning electron microscope. It was apparent that cells are damaged after treatment with A. dracunculus. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THE MALLEOLI (RACQUET ORGANS) IN BITON ZEDERBAUERI AND GLUVIOPSILLA DISCOLOR (DAESIIDAE, SOLIFUGAE)

KOC, Halil/0000-0003-0429-2824;WOS: 000311655100010The detailed morphology of the malleoli in two male solfugids, Biton zederbaueri (Werner, 1905) and Gluviopsilla discolor (Kraepelin, 1899), (Daesiidae, Solifugae) arc described and illustrated. This study was performed using stereo and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solifuges have five pairs of malleoli on the ventral surface of the fourth pair of legs of both sexes, as distinct from other arachnids. Malleolar sensory systems function as mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. A malleolus consists of two parts: a basal stalk and a triangular fan. There are epicuticular protrusions on the anterior face of each fan, and there are granular/vesicular structures on each stalk. Also, there are waved surfaces on the distal of the fan. This is the first study on the morphology of malleoli in solifuges in Turkey

EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ATEMNUS POLITUS (SIMON, 1878) (ARACHNIDA: PSEUDOSCORPIONES): A SCANNING ELECTRON 'MICROSCOPY STUDY

WOS:000592998800004Pseuodoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones) have been little studied, although they are the third largest group in the Arachnida in number of species. Pseudoscorpions have features resembling those of true scorpions. Due to their small size (the largest pseudoscorpion being no larger than 1 cm) systematic studies have proven difficult. A high-performance microscope is necessary for detailed studies. In the present study. the pseudoscorpion Atemnuspolitus (Simon, 1878) collected in Osmaniye province. Turkey. was used to describe systematic and taxonomic characters, including chelicerae, pedipalps, walking legs. and cuticular structures on appendages using stereo light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study revealed characteristic features of this species. This is the first SEM study of A. politus and provides an important contribution to understanding the morphology of pseudoscorpions and demonstrates the taxonomic value of SEM micrographs. Probable functions of some of the structures observed are discussed.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale University [BAP/2014-34]This study is a part of our project and has been supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Kirikkale University (Project number: BAP/2014-34)

Antimicrobial activity of endemic Digitalis lamarckii Ivan from Turkey

WOS: 000264047500011PubMed: 19405389Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of D. lamarckii Ivan, (Scophulariaceae), an endemic plant species of Turkey, was tested on ten bacterial and four yeast strains. Effective antibacterial activity was observed in four bacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated by use of liquid culture tests and in all the four effective bacterial strains, the MIC was found to be >= 199.5 mg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of B. subtilis, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes was calculated to be >= 199.5 mg/ml, and MBC value for Shigella was calculated as >= 399 mg/ml.Technical and Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK, TBAG-HD/107(105T542)]This study was financially supported by a grand from the Technical and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, TBAG-HD/107(105T542))