Engineering two-dimensional metal oxides and chalcogenides for enhanced electro- and photocatalysis

Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides and chalcogenides (MOs & MCs) have been regarded as a new class of promising electro- and photocatalysts for many important chemical reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 reduction reaction and N2 reduction reaction in virtue of their outstanding physicochemical properties. However, pristine 2D MOs & MCs generally show the relatively poor catalytic performances due to the low electrical conductivity, few active sites and fast charge recombination. Therefore, considerable efforts have been devoted to engineering 2D MOs & MCs by rational structural design and chemical modification to further improve the catalytic activities. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advances for engineering technologies of 2D MOs & MCs, which are mainly focused on the intercalation, doping, defects creation, facet design and compositing with functional materials. Meanwhile, the relationship between morphological, physicochemical, electronic, and optical properties of 2D MOs & MCs and their electro- and photocatalytic performances is also systematically discussed. Finally, we further give the prospect and challenge of the field and possible future research directions, aiming to inspire more research for achieving high-performance 2D MOs & MCs catalysts in energy storage and conversion fields

USP7: Novel Drug Target in Cancer Therapy

Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) is one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) that erases ubiquitin and protects substrate protein from degradation. Full activity of USP7 requires the C-terminal Ub-like domains fold back onto the catalytic domain, allowing the remodeling of the active site to a catalytically competent state by the C-terminal peptide. Until now, numerous proteins have been identified as substrates of USP7, which play a key role in cell cycle, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and epigenetic regulation. Aberrant activation or overexpression of USP7 may promote oncogenesis and viral disease, making it a target for therapeutic intervention. Currently, several synthetic small molecules have been identified as inhibitors of USP7, and applied in the treatment of diverse diseases. Hence, USP7 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer

Fabrication of TiO 2

The TiO2 photoelectrodes fabricated on the substrate of Ti foils by Ti ions implantation and subsequent annealing at different temperatures were applied for water splitting. The size of TiO2 nanoparticles increased with annealing temperatures, and the GIXRD patterns and Raman spectra demonstrate that the phase of TiO2 turns to rutile at high temperature. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the valence band demonstrate that the samples annealed at 400 and 500°C show the n-type property. The sample annealed at 600°C shows the weak p-type TiO2 property. For the sample annealed at 700°C, the negative photocurrent is main, which mainly performs the p-type property of TiO2. The IPCE values indicate that the absorption edges are red shifted with the increase of annealing temperatures

Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein–Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also knownasPD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies

Multiplatform Analysis of 12 Cancer Types Reveals Molecular Classification within and across Tissues of Origin

Recent genomic analyses of pathologically-defined tumor types identify “within-a-tissue” disease subtypes. However, the extent to which genomic signatures are shared across tissues is still unclear. We performed an integrative analysis using five genome-wide platforms and one proteomic platform on 3,527 specimens from 12 cancer types, revealing a unified classification into 11 major subtypes. Five subtypes were nearly identical to their tissue-of-origin counterparts, but several distinct cancer types were found to converge into common subtypes. Lung squamous, head & neck, and a subset of bladder cancers coalesced into one subtype typified by TP53 alterations, TP63 amplifications, and high expression of immune and proliferation pathway genes. Of note, bladder cancers split into three pan-cancer subtypes. The multi-platform classification, while correlated with tissue-of-origin, provides independent information for predicting clinical outcomes. All datasets are available for data-mining from a unified resource to support further biological discoveries and insights into novel therapeutic strategies

Data Extraction Based on Page Structure Analysis

The information we need has some confusing problems such as dispersion and different organizational structure. In addition, because of the existence of unstructured data like natural language and images, extracting local content pages is extremely difficult. In the light of of the problems above, this article will apply a method combined with page structure analysis algorithm and page data extraction algorithm to accomplish the gathering of network data. In this way, the problem that traditional complex extraction model behave poorly when dealing with large-scale data is perfectly solved and the page data extraction efficiency is also boosted to a new level. In the meantime, the article will also make a comparison about pages and content of different types between the methods of DOM structure based on the page and HTML regularities of distribution. After all of those, we may find a more efficient extract method

Data Extraction Based on Page Structure Analysis

The information we need has some confusing problems such as dispersion and different organizational structure. In addition, because of the existence of unstructured data like natural language and images, extracting local content pages is extremely difficult. In the light of of the problems above, this article will apply a method combined with page structure analysis algorithm and page data extraction algorithm to accomplish the gathering of network data. In this way, the problem that traditional complex extraction model behave poorly when dealing with large-scale data is perfectly solved and the page data extraction efficiency is also boosted to a new level. In the meantime, the article will also make a comparison about pages and content of different types between the methods of DOM structure based on the page and HTML regularities of distribution. After all of those, we may find a more efficient extract method

Engineering two-dimensional metal oxides via surface functionalization for biological applications

Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides (MOs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention for various biological applications due to their unique physicochemcial properties such as high photothermal response, temperature superconductivity, photoluminescence, flexibility, unique catalytic capability, plasmonic tunability and relatively low toxicity. However, the sophisticated physiological environments in biosystems stimulate various explorations of surface functionalization to improve the dispersity, stability and biocompatibility of 2D MOs. Moreover, 2D MOs exhibit remarkably tuneable properties via creating oxygen vacancies or doping, which endow 2D MOs with additional capabilities in biological applications. The large surface to volume ratio inherent in these materials also allows easy functionalization and maximal interaction with the external environment. Much work has been done in tailoring 2D MOs through physical/chemical functionalization for use in a diverse range of biomedical applications such as biosensors, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery carriers or even as therapeutic agents. In this review, current progress on 2D MOs functionalized for various biological applications will be presented. Additional relevant issues concerning the research challenges, technology limitations, and future trends have also been discussed

Adaptive Control of a Virtual Synchronous Generator with Multiparameter Coordination

This paper proposes an adaptive strategy of co-regulating the three parameters—P/ω droop coefficient, virtual inertia, and damping coefficient—for the virtual synchronous generator (VSG). This approach is able to solve the uncoordinated performance between the virtual inertia and the damping using the conventional adaptive control in which the system may experience serious frequency fluctuations. Through the mathematical modeling of the VSG grid-connected system, the segmental analysis of the VSG transient process is carried out, and the parameter adjustment law of each stage is obtained. The VSG angular velocity change and the angular velocity instantaneous change rate are associated with the inertia to realize the adaptive adjustment of the inertia, and the adaptive adjustment of the P/ω droop coefficient is carried out in real time according to the VSG angular velocity change. A functional relationship is established between the P/ω droop coefficient, virtual inertia, and damping coefficient so that the P/ω droop coefficient, virtual inertia, and damping coefficient are coordinated to keep the system in the best damping ratio state all the time. Finally, the superiority of the proposed strategy is proved by simulation comparison

原子炉実機モックアップ材の照射影響評価

修士（工学）Master of Engineerin