Energy Efficient Coordinated Beamforming for Multi-cell MISO Systems

In this paper, we investigate the optimal energy efficient coordinated beamforming in multi-cell multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems with $K$ multiple-antenna base stations (BS) and $K$ single-antenna mobile stations (MS), where each BS sends information to its own intended MS with cooperatively designed transmit beamforming. We assume single user detection at the MS by treating the interference as noise. By taking into account a realistic power model at the BS, we characterize the Pareto boundary of the achievable energy efficiency (EE) region of the $K$ links, where the EE of each link is defined as the achievable data rate at the MS divided by the total power consumption at the BS. Since the EE of each link is non-cancave (which is a non-concave function over an affine function), characterizing this boundary is difficult. To meet this challenge, we relate this multi-cell MISO system to cognitive radio (CR) MISO channels by applying the concept of interference temperature (IT), and accordingly transform the EE boundary characterization problem into a set of fractional concave programming problems. Then, we apply the fractional concave programming technique to solve these fractional concave problems, and correspondingly give a parametrization for the EE boundary in terms of IT levels. Based on this characterization, we further present a decentralized algorithm to implement the multi-cell coordinated beamforming, which is shown by simulations to achieve the EE Pareto boundary.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to be presented in IEEE GLOBECOM 201

An Energy Efficient Semi-static Power Control and Link Adaptation Scheme in UMTS HSDPA

High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) has been successfully applied in commercial systems and improves user experience significantly. However, it incurs substantial energy consumption. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing a novel energy efficient semi-static power control and link adaptation scheme in HSDPA. Through estimating the EE under different modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) and corresponding transmit power, the proposed scheme can determine the most energy efficient MCS level and transmit power at the Node B. And then the Node B configure the optimal MCS level and transmit power. In order to decrease the signaling overhead caused by the configuration, a dual trigger mechanism is employed. After that, we extend the proposed scheme to the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) scenarios. Simulation results confirm the significant EE improvement of our proposed scheme. Finally, we give a discussion on the potential EE gain and challenge of the energy efficient mode switching between single input multiple output (SIMO) and MIMO configuration in HSDPA.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted in EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, special issue on Green Radi

k-Same-Siamese-GAN: k-Same Algorithm with Generative Adversarial Network for Facial Image De-identification with Hyperparameter Tuning and Mixed Precision Training

For a data holder, such as a hospital or a government entity, who has a privately held collection of personal data, in which the revealing and/or processing of the personal identifiable data is restricted and prohibited by law. Then, "how can we ensure the data holder does conceal the identity of each individual in the imagery of personal data while still preserving certain useful aspects of the data after de-identification?" becomes a challenge issue. In this work, we propose an approach towards high-resolution facial image de-identification, called k-Same-Siamese-GAN, which leverages the k-Same-Anonymity mechanism, the Generative Adversarial Network, and the hyperparameter tuning methods. Moreover, to speed up model training and reduce memory consumption, the mixed precision training technique is also applied to make kSS-GAN provide guarantees regarding privacy protection on close-form identities and be trained much more efficiently as well. Finally, to validate its applicability, the proposed work has been applied to actual datasets - RafD and CelebA for performance testing. Besides protecting privacy of high-resolution facial images, the proposed system is also justified for its ability in automating parameter tuning and breaking through the limitation of the number of adjustable parameters

Diethyl 2,5-diphenyl­furan-3,4-dicarboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C22H20O5, the substituted benzene rings are twisted away from the furan ring, making dihedral angles of 54.91 (14) and 20.96 (15)° with the furan ring. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 46.89 (13)°. One ethyl group of one eth­oxy­carbonyl unit is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.56 (12) and 0.44 (12). In the crystal, weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along the c axis

Die Republik China in der Olympischen Bewegung

Die vorliegende Arbeit werden die Gründung des Chinese Olympic Committee und die Teilnahme der chinesischen Athleten an den Olympischen Spielen 1932, 1936 und 1948 behandelt. Zudem werden die Hintergründe der Entstehung zweier chinesischen Länder im Jahre 1949 erläutert. Danach wird die Olympische Bewegung der Republik China in Taiwan diskutiert. Außer der internationalen Politik wirkt die Haltung der IOC-Präsidenten zur China-Frage sich auf die Anwesenheit der Republik China in der olympischen Gesellschaft, daher wird diese Betrachtung nach den Amtszeiten der unterschiedlichen Präsidenten gegliedert. Während der Amtszeit Sigfrid Edströms und Avery Brundages (1949-1972) waren die internationale Situation und die Einstellungen beider Präsidenten für die Republik China im IOC zugute des taiwanischen NOK. Daher konnte es als einzigartige legitime Vertretung Chinas in der Olympischen Gesellschaft bleiben. Die internationale Lage änderte sich aber schnell. Anstatt der Republik China wurde die kommunistische China am Ende 1971 als UNO-Mitglied. IOC-Präsident Lord Killanin (1972-1980) ergriff die Initiative zugunsten der VR China. Es führte zum Risiko für den Status des Republic of China Olympic Committee. Die Nationalchinesen kämpften um die Erhaltung ihrer Rechte in der Olympischen Gemeidschaft. Wegen der internationalen Realität musste das NOK von Taiwan mit Präsidenten Antonio Samaranch (1980-2001) 1981 eine Vereinbarung in Lausanne unterzeichnen, um die Isolation in der Sportwelt zu vermeiden. Nach der Unterzeichnung der Vereinbarung von Lausanne 1981 endete der Anerkennungsstreit der beiden Seiten der Taiwan-Straße. Mit einem schwammigen Namen „Chinese Taipei“ dürfen die Taiwaner an den Olympischen Spielen weiter teilnehmen. This paper begins with analysis of the establishment of the Chinese Olympic Committee, as well as discussion of the participation of Chinese sportsmen in the Olympic Games in 1932, 1936 and 1948. The background of the formation of two Chinese states in 1949 will be explained. Following this, the Olympic movement of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan will be discussed. Aside from the political issues at play, the attitudes, regarding the Chinese Question, of different IOC presidents, significantly affected the existence of the ROC in the Olympic family. As such, it is helpful to divide any participation in the Olympics by the ROC, from 1949 onwards, according to the terms of the presidents involved. During the terms of Sigfrid EDSTRÖM and Avery BRUNDAGE (1949-1972), the standpoints of both IOC presidents benefited the National Olympic Committee in Taiwan. During this time, it was treated as the sole legitimate representative of China in the Olympic movement. However, the situation changed rapidly. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) became a member of the United Nations, at the expense of the ROC. To compound matters, the IOC president, Lord KILLANIN (1972-1980), took the initiative to support the PRC’s efforts to represent China at the Olympics. These developments threatened the status of the Republic of China Olympic Committee (ROCOC). Though the ROCOC fought to maintain its place in the IOC, pressures brought by the political situation meant that in 1981 in Lausanne, the Taiwanese NOC was impelled to sign an agreement with the IOC president, Antonio SAMARANCH (1981-2000), to avoid utter isolation in the world of sports. The recognition issue between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait ended with the signing of the Lausanne Agreement. The Taiwanese were thus able to continue participating in the Olympics under the blurred name “Chinese Taipei”