Multivariate analysis of predict factors for vascularization development in BC-HHN or C-HHN (N_VAS = 102).

<p>Multivariate analysis of predict factors for vascularization development in BC-HHN or C-HHN (N_VAS = 102).</p

Cumulative incidence of vascularization development.

<p>Cumulative incidence of vascularization development.</p

Interval to vascularization development in cirrhotic precursor nodules in patients with hepatitis B and C virus co-infections - Fig 2

<p>(A) Hepatobliiary phase (HBP) of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, showed a hypointense nodule (arrow), which was considered as a liver nodule that showed a signal that was lower than that in the surrounding normal liver parenchyma. (B) Arterial phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, showed a hypovascular nodule (arrow), which was defined as a liver nodule showing no evidence of arterial phase enhancement compared to that in the adjacent normal liver parenchyma. (C) Arterial phase of the follow-up MRI, showed vascularization development, which was defined as enhancement of the HHN.</p

Flow chart for the selection of the study population.

<p>HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HHN, hypovascular hypointense nodule.</p

Comparison of cumulative incidence of vascularization development between groups stratified by sex.

<p>(A) male; (B) female.</p

Cumulative incidence of vascularization development.

<p>Cumulative incidence of vascularization development.</p

Comparison of cumulative incidence of vascularization development between sex stratified by groups.

<p>(A) all the HHN; (B) C-HHN; (C): BC-HHN.</p

Comparison of the demographic data of BC-HHN and C-HHN.

<p>Comparison of the demographic data of BC-HHN and C-HHN.</p

Aliskiren (Ali) reduced oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis and Kupffer cells activation in mice fed with a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet.

<p>(<b>A</b>) The amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and (<b>B</b>) expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) in the N-V (white bar), N-Ali (gray bar), MCD-V (black bar) and MCD-Ali (striped bar) groups. Representative images (×200) of phosphorylated p47 phox (p-p47 phox) (<b>C</b>), the terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay (<b>D</b>), and F4/80 (<b>E</b>) and quantification of positive stained areas (p-p47 phox and TUNEL) or cell counts (F4/80) per field of view to the below in all groups. Scale bar = 100 μm. N-V/N-Ali: normal (N) mice receiving vehicle (V) or aliskiren; MCD-V/MCD-Ali: MCD mice treated with vehicle or aliskiren. (#: P<0.05 vs. N-V; ##: P<0.01 vs. N-V; <b>*</b>: P<0.05 vs. MCD-V; <b>**</b>: P<0.01 vs. MCD-V).</p

Aliskiren increased turnover of triglyceride.

<p>The transcript expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1), carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), fatty acid transport protein 1 and 4 (FATP1, FATP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT 1a), cytochrome P450-4A14 (CYP4A14), and cytochrome P450-4A10 (CYP4A10) in the livers of the four groups. N-V/N-Ali: normal (N) mice receiving vehicle (V) or aliskiren; MCD-V/MCD-Ali: MCD mice treated with vehicle or aliskiren #: p<0.05 vs. N-V; ##: p<0.01 vs. N-V; <b>**</b>: p<0.01 vs. MCD-V. </p