BugsInPy: A database of existing bugs in Python programs to enable controlled testing and debugging studies

Lee Kuan Yew Fellowship, Singapore Management Universit

Political Leadership for Crisis Management: A Comparative Case Study of Asian Leaders

This study looks at the comparative analysis of the political leadership and thoughts of two Asian leaders. There are different thoughts and political approaches attributed to Lee Kuan Yew and Kim Dae-Jung. Some of the key concepts include political leadership, Asian values, and democracy in Asia. The qualitative analysis of different resources revealed and proved several theories and views of Lee Kuan Yew and Kim Dae-Jung. It establishes different thoughts and political leadership of the two leaders, a scenario that can help future leaders to align the policies that can enhance, social, political and economic development in different Asian countries. This study also establishes the importance of their different view on Asian values and how did they overcome the national crisis. Although Lee Kuan Yew and Kim Dae-Jung had different opinions on Asian Values, both work positively towards the development of their countries

An investigation into the non-uniform decay of Hardwick Stone

Hardwick stone as used on the vernacular Hardwick Estate buildings decays in a non-uniform way. Typically stones at Hardwick decay cavernously leaving the mortar matrix behind. Levels of decay can vary dramatically from stone to stone with one stone showing advanced decay whilst adjoining stones are relatively intact. Ten sample buildings giving a total of 1587m² of elevations and with a good geographical spread across the estate were surveyed. Ratings were assigned according to condition. It was shown with 95% confidence that the weathering on the western elevations is significantly worse than that seen on the eastern elevations of the sample buildings. Northern elevations had high levels of stonework in good condition, while western elevations had the lowest. The prevailing wind direction on the Estate is west to north-west. The difference in levels of decay below 1 metre and above 1 metre has been shown to be significant at the 95% confidence level with a slight correlation between levels of stone decay and building height (above sea level). The survey also highlighted stone decay parallel to, but offset from, the roofline where there were no overhanging gables present. In contrast, buildings constructed with protruding cills were often observed to have areas of decay underneath the cills. Stone decay often appears to be associated with the path of the chimney

The Environmental Context and Function of Burnt-Mounds : New Studies of Irish Fulachtaí Fiadh

The authors acknowledge funding from The Leverhulme Trust (F/00144/AI) and assistance from a large number of individuals including; Margaret Gowen (access to sites and assistance throughout),A. Ames, H, Essex (pollen processing), S. Rouillard & R. Smith (illustrations), C. McDermott, S. Bergerbrandt, all the staff of Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd, TVAS Ireland and CRDS. Excavation works and some post-excavation analysis was paid for my Bord Gáis and the National Roads Authority (now Transport Infrastructure Ireland). Thanks also to David Smith for access to the Maureen Girling collection and assistance with identifications.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprin

Specialization, Information, and Growth: A Sequential Equilibrium Analysis

Pricing costs and information problems are introduced into a framework with consumer-producers, economies of specialization, and transaction costs to predict the endogenous and concurrent evolution in division of labor and in the information of organization acquired by society. The concurrent evolution generates endogenous growth based on the tradeoff between gains from information about the efficient pattern of division of labor, which can be acquired via experiments with various patterns of division of labor, and experimentation costs, which relate to the costs in discovering prices. The concept of Walras sequential equilibrium is developed to analyze the social learning process which is featured with uncertainties of the direction of the evolution as well as a certain trend of the evolution.Coevolution of specialization and information, adaptive decision, bounded rationality, sequential equilibrium, economic development.

Golden-rule social security and public health in a dynastic model with endogenous longevity and fertility

In this paper we investigate long-run optimal social security and public health and their effects on fertility, longevity, capital intensity, output per worker and welfare in a dynastic model with altruistic bequests. Under empirically plausible conditions, social security and public health reduce fertility and raise longevity, capital intensity and output per worker. The effects of social security, except that on longevity, are stronger than those of public health. Numerically, they can improve welfare (better when they are used together than used separately). We also illustrate numerically that there exists a unique convergent solution in the dynamic system at the steady state.Social security; Public health; Life expectancy; Fertility

India's security partnership with Singapore

In recent years, India and Singapore have developed a strong bilateral security and economic partnership that has assumed a central position in India's strategic engagement in Southeast Asia. Having sought strategic engagement with India for many decades, Singapore has now successfully positioned itself as India's leading political partner and economic gateway to the region. At the same time, India and Singapore have actively pursued close defence ties, including frequent joint training and the assumption of an active maritime security role by India in Southeast Asia. The recent decision by India to allow the Singapore air force and army to operate long term training facilities on Indian territory represents a significant development in Indian strategic practice and may presage a more permanent Indian security presence in East Asia. This article will examine these developments and consider to what extent the emergent security relationship between India and Singapore should be seen as a desire to balance China's growing economic and political dominance of the region and to what extent it reflects a ‘natural’ strategic sphere for India stretching from Aden to Singapore and beyond into East Asia

Spatial optical solitons supported by mutual focusing

We study composite spatial optical solitons supported by two-wave mutual focusing induced by cross-phase modulation in Kerr-like nonlinear media. We find the families of both single- and two-hump solitons and discuss their properties and stability. We also reveal remarkable similarities between recently predicted holographic solitons in photorefractive media and parametric solitons in quadratic nonlinear crystals.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

FINITE LIFE EXPECTANCY AND THE AGE-DEPENDENT VALUE OF A STATISTICAL LIFE

In this short paper, we investigate the behavior of the age-dependent value of a statistical life (VSL) within a lifecycle framework with a finite maximal possible lifespan. Some existing results, obtained under the unrealistic assumption of an infinite life expectancy, are reversed. In particular, we show that when the market interest rate is equal to (or less than) the sum of age-specific mortality rate and the discounting rate in time preference at any age over the remaining lifetime, then VSL declines. We also show that an inverted-U shape of VSL profile over the life cycle emerges under realistically plausible circumstances. An innovation is that we characterize the changes in optimal consumption and instantaneous utility with age, showing that such changes are proportionate to the difference between the sum of age-specific mortality rate and the discounting rate in time preference and the market interest rate, which may prove to be useful in addressing other issues related to VSL.Value of life; life expectancy; interest rates; time preference; mortality.

A comment on Yin, Xiangkang and Yew-kwang Ng: Quantity precommitment and Bertrand competition yield Cournot outcomes:a case with product differentiation

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