Anderson Localization Of Composite Excitations In Disordered Optomechanical Arrays

Optomechanical (OMA) arrays are a promising future platform for studies of transport, many-body dynamics, quantum control and topological effects in systems of coupled photon and phonon modes. We introduce disordered OMA arrays, focusing on features of Anderson localization of hybrid photon-phonon excitations. It turns out that these represent a unique disordered system, where basic parameters can be easily controlled by varying the frequency and the amplitude of an external laser field. We show that the two-species setting leads to a non-trivial frequency dependence of the localization length for intermediate laser intensities. This could serve as a convincing evidence of localization in a non-equilibrium dissipative situation. © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.19

Echocardiography and ultrasound dopplerography assessment of central and peripheral hemodynamics in children with septic shock

Background. The severe course of sepsis is usually associated with the development of septic shock and multiple organ failure. For effective treatment, it is recommended to perform instrumental monitoring of preload, contractile capacity of the heart and tissue perfusion. We aimed to evaluate changes in central and peripheral hemodynamics by echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound in children with septic shock. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of cases of septic shock in children aged 0 to 18 years who underwent treatment in the intensive care unit was conducted. Patients were monitored for central and peripheral hemodynamics by echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound. The initial study of hemodynamic parameters was carried out over the first 3 hours after hospitalization. The second study was carried out in 24–36 hours after the hospitalization. The third study was conducted in the period of convalescence within 24–48 hours after the withdrawal of sympathomimetic drugs. Results. Thirty-four cases of sepsis associated with septic shock were investigated. In 24 (70.6 %) patients, the etiological factor was meningococcus, in 1 (2.9 %) staphylococcus, and in 9 (26.5 %) no aetiology was established. In 6 children from the study group fatal outcome occurred. Values of mean blood pressure, ejection fraction, peripheral resistance were relatively lower in the acute shock period, and increased after stabilization of hemodynamics. Evaluation of peripheral blood circulation at admission showed decreased diastolic velocity in abdominal aorta and upper mesenteric artery and systolic velocity in posterior tibial artery. The results of initial investigation demonstrated that 44.1 % patients had increased cardiac output along with decreased systemic vascular resistance (‘warm shock’), and just 8.8 % had features of ‘cold shock’ (decreased cardiac output and increased vascular resistance). The fatal course of the disease was associated with higher heart rate, lower systolic velocity (V max) values in the truncus coeliacus and femoral artery, diastolic velocity (V min), and peripheral resistance index in the renal artery at the initial examination. Conclusions. Comprehensive study of central and regional hemodynamics parameters in children through echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound allows non-invasive diagnostic of early violations associated with septic shock and control of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures

Novirin Effectiveness in Children with Viral Diarrhea

The article deals with the issues of treatment for viral diarrhea. The main direction in the treatment of acute viral intestinal infections is the use of rehydration and drugs for symptomatic therapy. Also, research data repeatedly confirmed the effectiveness of antiviral agents. In recent years, inosine pranobex, an antiviral agent with immunomodulating properties, is being successfully used for the treatment of viral diseases in children. In the present study, the authors demonstrated the effectiveness of Novirin (inosine pranobex) in the treatment of viral diarrhea in children: administration of Novirin made it possiblee to stop diarrhea in the first 5 days after treatment initiation in significantlylarger number of children (80 %) compared with the control group (43 %)

Viral Diarrhea in Children: Clinical Manifestations, Innovations in the Treatment

A literature search on the study of the clinical features of viral diarrhea in children has been carried out depending on the pathogen. 1,484 children with acute enteric infections (AEI) were examined, they underwent inpatient treatment in infectious disease department of Kyiv city children’s clinical hospital № 2 in 2013. It was found that among patients with AEI, 25.9 % had rotavirus infection, 56 % — AEI of uncertain aetiology, 8 % — salmonellosis, 0.1 % — shigellosis, 10 % — AEI with other origin. A literature search showed the effectiveness of the use of probiotics, containing different strains, for AEI treatment, which manifested with reduction of intoxication syndrome, diarrhea, fever by 2–3 days. It is shown that the use of probiotic Subalin, containing Bacillus subtilis strain 2335/105, is promising as etiopathogenetic therapy in the treatment of viral diarrhea in children under current conditions

Adiabatic divergence of the chaotic layer width and acceleration of chaotic and noise-induced transport

SUMMARY We show that, in spatially periodic Hamiltonian systems driven by a time-periodic coordinate-independent (AC) force, the upper energy of the chaotic layer grows unlimitedly as the frequency of the force goes to zero. This remarkable effect is absent in any other physically significant systems. It gives rise to the divergence of the rate of the spatial chaotic transport. We also generalize this phenomenon for the presence of a weak noise and weak dissipation. We demonstrate for the latter case that the adiabatic AC force may greatly accelerate the spatial diffusion and the reset rate at a given threshold