Indonesian Nurses' Challenges for Passing the National Board Examination for Registered Nurse in Japanese: Suggestions for Solutions

Between 2008 and 2011, nearly 800 Indonesian nurses and care workers have entered Japan as candidates for registered nurse (kangoshi) or certified care worker (kaigo fukushishi) under the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA). The most serious problem in their everyday life is the difficulty in mastering the Japanese language, which presents a high hurdle for passing the national board examination for registered nurse. Until 2011, only 17 Indonesian nurse examinees have been able to pass the examination, and become registered nurses in Japan. To contribute the developing of a more sustainable IJEPA program, this research aims to explore Indonesian nurse candidates’ learning strategies for passing the national examination in Japan, and identify other factors that hinder their success. Although the number of Indonesian and Japanese interviewees was limited, the analysis of the research demonstrates that strong material and moral support by the management and staff of the receiving hospital is essential in motivating Indonesian candidates to do their best to pass the examination. It also suggests that such support is critical especially in the early stage of training at the workplace even for improving the efficiency of educational investment that makes nurse candidates pass the national exam and become registered nurses in Japan

ANALISIS BIAYA PRODUKSI DAN NILAI TEGAKAN PENGUSAHAAN HUTAN ALAM : Kasus suatu perusahaan di propinsi sumatera selatan

The main source of revenue for forestry  development up to now still depends on natural forest  which is the main source of wood for  the industries. In the utilization of natural forest  the assessment  of  stumpage  value  is  important  to  determine  the profit  margin  that  goes  to goverment as well as to the concession holder. The  objective  of  this  study  is  to  get  clear  picture  on  the  cost  components  of forest concession and to know the stumpage value of forest  land.  To determine the stumpage value a production  cost analysis was done based on a year operation of concession holder. The  results  showed  that  the  cost  components  of  log production  consists  of planning, building main road and skidding road, road maintenance and log houling with total production cost Rp.  58.480,- per  m3 for felled  area of  1000 ha with production  of meranti and mixed species each 22.003,47   m3  and 7. 720, 78 m3,  respectively. Based on profit ratio 35% which went to concession holder there is still surplus which the goverment presently does not collect as forest   owner. Based  on  this  result goverment  revenue in  the forms  of  forest  product  fee, reforestation fund and concession fee can be increased up to 200% from present level. Key Word  : Natural  Forest,  Stumpage  Value,   Forest Concession, Production Cost, Forest Product Fee,  Reforestation Fund, Concession Fee

Analisis Biaya Produksi dan Nilai Tegakan Pengusahaan Hutan Alam : Kasus suatu Perusahaan di Propinsi Sumatera Selatan

The main source of revenue for forestry development up to now still depends on natural forest which is the main source of wood for the industries. In the utilization of natural forest the assessment of stumpage value is important to determine the profit margin that goes to goverment as well as to the concession holder.The objective of this study is to get clear picture on the cost components of forest concession and to know the stumpage value of forest land. To determine the stumpage value a production cost analysis was done based on a year operation of concession holder.The results showed that the cost components of log production consists of planning, building main road and skidding road, road maintenance and log houling with total production cost Rp. 58.480,- per m3 for felled area of 1000 ha with production of meranti and mixed species each 22.003,47 m3 and 7. 720, 78 m3, respectively. Based on profit ratio 35% which went to concession holder there is still surplus which the goverment presently does not collect as forest owner. Based on this result goverment revenue in the forms of forest product fee, reforestation fund and concession fee can be increased up to 200% from present level.Key Word : Natural Forest, Stumpage Value, Forest Concession, Production Cost, Forest Product Fee, Reforestation Fund, Concession Fee

The Experiences of Indonesian Nurses in Japan Who Face the Job and Cultural Stress in Their Work : A Qualitative Study

This joint research between University of Indonesia and Kyushu University was conducted in 6 hospitals and one elderly home in Western Japan in May and August 2009 in order to identify the stress and coping strategy of Indonesian nurses who work in Japan. There are 14 Indonesian nurses who participated in this study. The result shows that there are seven problems, namely, 1) language and communication barrier, 2) reward and salary issue, 3) being treated as assistant nurse, 4) feeling loneliness, 5) not suitable placement, 6) stress regarding the national board examination in Japanese, and 7) not enough information provided during the pre-departure program (there are some participants who had many expectations). Based on the result of this study, the researchers recommend a comprehensive preparation program to reduce the job and social culture stresses that may also happen amongst Indonesian nurses working in Japan. The comprehensive preparation program is needed before sending Indonesian nurses to Japan. This should include preparations for individual, group and system