123 research outputs found
Analytical Quantum Full-Wave Solutions for a 3D Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics System
High-fidelity general-purpose numerical methods are increasingly needed to
improve superconducting circuit quantum information processor performance. One
challenge in developing such numerical methods is the lack of reference data to
validate them. To address this, we have designed a 3D system where all
electromagnetic properties needed in a quantum analysis can be evaluated using
analytical techniques from classical electromagnetic theory. Here, we review
the basics of our field-based quantization method and then use these techniques
to create the first-ever analytical quantum full-wave solution for a
superconducting circuit quantum device. Specifically, we analyze a coaxial-fed
3D waveguide cavity with and without transmon quantum bits inside the cavity.
We validate our analytical solutions by comparing them to numerical methods in
evaluating single photon interference and computing key system parameters
related to controlling quantum bits. In the future, our analytical solutions
can be used to validate numerical methods, as well as build intuition about
important quantum effects in realistic 3D devices.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure
Finite Element Time-Domain Body-of-Revolution Maxwell Solver based on Discrete Exterior Calculus
We present a finite-element time-domain (FETD) Maxwell solver for the
analysis of body-of-revolution (BOR) geometries based on discrete exterior
calculus (DEC) of differential forms and transformation optics (TO) concepts.
We explore TO principles to map the original 3-D BOR problem to a 2-D one in
the meridian plane based on a Cartesian coordinate system where the cylindrical
metric is fully embedded into the constitutive properties of an effective
inhomogeneous and anisotropic medium that fills the domain. The proposed solver
uses a TE/TM field decomposition and an appropriate set of DEC-based basis
functions on an irregular grid discretizing the meridian plane. A symplectic
time discretization based on a leap-frog scheme is applied to obtain the
full-discrete marching-on-time algorithm. We validate the algorithm by
comparing the numerical results against analytical solutions for resonant
fields in cylindrical cavities and against pseudo-analytical solutions for
fields radiated by cylindrically symmetric antennas in layered media. We also
illustrate the application of the algorithm for a particle-in-cell (PIC)
simulation of beam-wave interactions inside a high-power backward-wave
oscillator.Comment: 42 pages, 19 figure
Quantum Information Propagation Preserving Computational Electromagnetics
We propose a new methodology, called numerical canonical quantization, to
solve quantum Maxwell's equations useful for mathematical modeling of quantum
optics physics, and numerical experiments on arbitrary passive and lossless
quantum-optical systems. It is based on: (1) the macroscopic (phenomenological)
electromagnetic theory on quantum electrodynamics (QED), and (2) concepts
borrowed from computational electromagnetics. It was shown that canonical
quantization in inhomogeneous dielectric media required definite and proper
normal modes. Here, instead of ad-hoc analytic normal modes, we numerically
construct complete and time-reversible normal modes in the form of traveling
waves to diagonalize the Hamiltonian. Specifically, we directly solve the
Helmholtz wave equations for a general linear, reciprocal, isotropic,
non-dispersive, and inhomogeneous dielectric media by using either
finite-element or finite-difference methods. To convert a scattering problem
with infinite number of modes into one with a finite number of modes, we impose
Bloch-periodic boundary conditions. This will sparsely sample the normal modes
with numerical Bloch-Floquet-like normal modes. Subsequent procedure of
numerical canonical quantization is straightforward using linear algebra. We
provide relevant numerical recipes in detail and show an important numerical
example of indistinguishable two-photon interference in quantum beam splitters,
exhibiting Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, which is purely a quantum effect. Also, the
present methodology provides a way of numerically investigating existing or new
macroscopic QED theories. It will eventually allow quantum-optical numerical
experiments of high fidelity to replace many real experiments as in classical
electromagnetics.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, journal article submitted to Physical review A
(under review
Accelerating Particle-in-Cell Kinetic Plasma Simulations via Reduced-Order Modeling of Space-Charge Dynamics using Dynamic Mode Decomposition
We present a data-driven reduced-order modeling of the space-charge dynamics
for electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EMPIC) plasma simulations based on
dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The dynamics of the charged particles in
kinetic plasma simulations such as EMPIC is manifested through the plasma
current density defined on the edges of the spatial mesh. We showcase the
efficacy of DMD in modeling the time evolution of current density through a
low-dimensional feature space. Not only do such DMD-based predictive
reduced-order models help accelerate EMPIC simulations, they also have the
potential to facilitate investigative analysis and control applications. We
demonstrate the proposed DMD-EMPIC scheme for reduced-order modeling of current
density, and speed-up in EMPIC simulations involving electron beams under the
influence of magnetic fields and virtual cathode oscillations
Prevention Schemes Against Phishing Attacks on Internet Banking Systems
Abstract With the rise of Internet banking, phishing has become a major problem in online banking systems. Over time, highly evolved phishing attacks, such as active phishing, have emerged as a serious issue. Thus, we suggest two server authentication schemes based on SSL/TLS to protect Internet banking customers from phishing attacks. The first scheme uses the X.509 client certificate, which includes a personal identification message from the customer in order to recognize a genuine banking server. The second scheme, based on the first one, is a modified version of SSL/TLS. We also analyze our schemes using attack scenarios and an analysis table
Spontaneous Rupture of the Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon in a Tailor
A spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon is associated with rheumatoid arthritis, fractures of the wrist, systemic or local steroids and repetitive, and excessive abnormal motion of the wrist joint. The authors encountered a case of a spontaneous rupture of the EPL tendon. The patient had no predisposing factors including trauma or steroid injection. Although the patient had a positive rheumatoid factor, he did not demonstrate other clinical or radiological findings of rheumatoid arthritis. During surgery, the EPL tendon was found to be ruptured at the extensor retinaculum (third compartment). Reconstruction of the extensor tendon using the palmaris longus tendon was performed. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient showed satisfactory extension of the thumb and 40ยฐ extension and flexion at the wrist
High colloidal stability ZnO nanoparticles independent on solvent polarity and their application in polymer solar cells
Significant aggregation between ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) dispersed in polar and nonpolar solvents hinders the formation of high quality thin film for the device application and impedes their excellent electron transporting ability. Herein a bifunctional coordination complex, titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) (Ti(acac)2) is employed as efficient stabilizer to improve colloidal stability of ZnO NPs. Acetylacetonate functionalized ZnO exhibited long-term stability and maintained its superior optical and electrical properties for months aging under ambient atmospheric condition. The functionalized ZnO NPs were then incorporated into polymer solar cells with conventional structure as n-type buffer layer. The devices exhibited nearly identical power conversion efficiency regardless of the use of fresh and old (2 months aged) NPs. Our approach provides a simple and efficient route to boost colloidal stability of ZnO NPs in both polar and nonpolar solvents, which could enable structure-independent intense studies for efficient organic and hybrid optoelectronic devices
Review of the Current Status of Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis for Treating Acute Cerebral Infarction: a Retrospective Analysis of the Data from Multiple Centers in Korea
Objective
The purpose of the study was to review the current status of intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis in Korea by conducting a retrospective analysis of the data from multiple domestic centers.
Materials and Methods
The radiologists at each participating institution were asked to fill out case report forms on all patients who had undergone IA recanalization due to acute anterior circulation ischemia. These forms included clinical, imaging and procedure-related information. A central reader analyzed the CT/MR and angiographic results. The rates of successful recanalization, hemorrhagic transformation and functional outcome were obtained. The univariate analyses were performed together with the multivariate analysis.
Results
We analyzed the data from 163 patients, and they had been treated at seven institutes. The initial imaging modalities were CT for 46 patients (28%), MR for 63 (39%), and both for 54 (33%). Various mechanical treatment methods were applied together in 50% of the patients. Radiologically significant hemorrhage was noted in 20/155 patients (13%). We found various factors that influenced the recanalization rate and the occurrence of significant hemorrhagic transformations. The favorable outcome rate, reported as modified Rankin Scale โค 2, was 40%, and the mortality rate was 11%. The factors that predicted a poor functional outcome were old age (p = 0.01), initially severe neurological symptoms (p < 0.0001), MR findings of a wide distribution of lesions (p = 0.001), involvement of the basal ganglia (p = 0.01), performance of procedures after working hours (p = 0.01), failure of recanalization (p = 0.003), contrast extravasation after the procedure (p = 0.007) and significant hemorrhagic transformation (p = 0.002). The subsequent multivariate analysis failed to show any statistically significant variable.
Conclusion
There was a trend toward increased dependency on MR imaging during the initial evaluation and increased usage of combined pharmacologic/mechanical thrombolysis. The imaging and clinical outcome results of this study were comparable to those of the previous major thrombolytic trials.ope
Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell Algorithms on Unstructured Meshes for Kinetic Plasma Simulations
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