IJ Bias: The Contamination Theory

In the case of Apouviepseakoda v. Gonzales, the majority and the dissent of the Seventh Circuit heavily criticized the immigration judge’s behavior during the removal hearing. Yet, the majority seemed to go out of its way to affirm denial of asylum. The majority held that, although the IJ’s behavior during the asylum hearing was inappropriate, it did not amount to reversible error. The majority would reverse only if the IJ’s behavior were so inappropriate that it frazzled the asylum applicant or barred large portions of the applicant’s testimony. What this decision does not account for is the fact that the IJ, who was openly hostile towards the asylum applicant, was making a subjective finding regarding the asylum applicant’s truthfulness and believability. In such a situation, the Seventh Circuit’s rule requiring actual prejudice in addition to IJ bias will frequently result in the denial of otherwise valid asylum claims. Where the IJ exhibits bias against the asylum applicant, the ability of the IJ to serve as a fact-finder is compromised. When the basis for the denial of an asylum application is an adverse credibility determination, the threshold for a finding of reversible error should be much lower where the IJ exhibits bias against the asylum applicant

IJ Bias: The Contamination Theory

In the case of Apouviepseakoda v. Gonzales, the majority and the dissent of the Seventh Circuit heavily criticized the immigration judge’s behavior during the removal hearing. Yet, the majority seemed to go out of its way to affirm denial of asylum. The majority held that, although the IJ’s behavior during the asylum hearing was inappropriate, it did not amount to reversible error. The majority would reverse only if the IJ’s behavior were so inappropriate that it frazzled the asylum applicant or barred large portions of the applicant’s testimony. What this decision does not account for is the fact that the IJ, who was openly hostile towards the asylum applicant, was making a subjective finding regarding the asylum applicant’s truthfulness and believability. In such a situation, the Seventh Circuit’s rule requiring actual prejudice in addition to IJ bias will frequently result in the denial of otherwise valid asylum claims. Where the IJ exhibits bias against the asylum applicant, the ability of the IJ to serve as a fact-finder is compromised. When the basis for the denial of an asylum application is an adverse credibility determination, the threshold for a finding of reversible error should be much lower where the IJ exhibits bias against the asylum applicant

PROFIL IST MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS “YY”

Human intelligence is an abstract thing. Intelligence can be measured in many ways, one of which is to use an intelligence test. Intelligenz Structure Test (IST) is a test instrument used in clinical psychology and educational settings to measure one's intelligence capacity. IST was created by Amthauer and has been tested in a variety of research settings. The subjects in the study totaled 71 students consisted of students of 2008 through 2011 are active in the period 2011-2012 semester. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The results showed that the intelligence capacity of students of “YY” University Psychology is at the level of average intelligence scores (IQ) = 97 (IST scale). The most prominent feature is the ability of catching the essence or meaning or understanding expressed in the language, the language of inductive thinking, the ability to explore the feelings or empathy. Thought patterns and ways of thinking are found to be flexible and verbal theoretical. Keywords: Intelligenz Structure Test (IST), picture profiles based on the IST, Student of Psychological Progra

Development of a Model for describing, evaluating and designing Communication Concepts in Factories in the Context of Industry 4.0

Far-reaching changes in the technical and organisational structure have influenced the communication between the elements of a factory. In particular, Industry 4.0 as a contemporary trend in production technology and many related areas of science places new requirements for communication. Thus, expectations comprise a wide variety of effects and potentials of Industry 4.0 on communication in factory systems. Exemplarily, efficiency and productivity increases are most frequently named as effects of industry 4.0. They seem advantageous by industrial enterprises, whereby the raising of these potentials is also a necessary competitive factor. However, such influences can trigger other effects with interdependent impacts on the components of factory systems. These effects can have both positive and negative impacts in factory systems. Still a comprehensive and generally valid description of these aspects is not yet available. Similarly, there is no understanding of the cause-effect relationships between the requirements for communication between the system components of a factory arising from Industry 4.0. The lack of specific understanding of Industry 4.0 caused effects and the cause-effect relationships between the requirements for communication between the factory system components lead to the inability to design effective communication concepts in factory systems. Therefore, existing communication systems remain exposed to undesired effects and leave desired effects underutilized. In order to close this research gap, a holistic model for the description, evaluation and the design of effective communication concepts in factories in the context of Industry 4.0 is in development within the frame of "Komm 4.0", a research project of the Institute for Production Systems and Logistics at Leibniz University Hannover and the WISSENSARCHITEKTUR Laboratory of Knowledge Architecture at TU Dresden. The pursuit of this research project is to describe and evaluate existing communication concepts, as well as design more effective concepts and to adapt previous recommendations in terms of communication concept design where necessary

Concurrent extrahepatic autoimmunity in autoimmune hepatitis: implications for diagnosis, clinical course and long term outcome

Concurrent extrahepatic autoimmune disease (CEHAID) associated with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been incorporated into the diagnostic criteria stipulated by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG). Large comprehensive cohort data on the extrahepatic autoimmunity in AIH remain scanty AIM: To systematically assess features and clinical impact of CEHAID on AIH METHODS: Clinical records of 562 patients with AIH from two tertiary centres in the United Kingdom were retrospectively reviewed RESULTS: Prevalence of CEHAID in patients with AIH were 42%. Autoimmune thyroid disease was the commonest CEHAID associated with AIH (101/562, 18%). Autoimmune skin diseases were more prevalent in AIH-2 than AIH-1 (21.9% vs.7%, p=0.009). Personal history of CEHAID was more commonly found in AIH patients with than without first degree family history of CEHAID [(48/86, 55.8% vs 169/446, 37.9%), p=0.002]. AIH patients with CEHAID were more often female [201/236 (85.2%), p=0.008], had higher post-treatment IAIHG score (22 vs. 20, p<0.001), less reactivity to smooth muscle antibodies (49.8% vs 65%, p<0.001), more likely to have mild fibrosis at diagnosis (20.9% vs. 6.5%, p<0.001), less often had ascites (6.3% vs. 13.6%, p=0.008) and coagulopathy (1.18 vs. 1.27, p=0.013) at presentation. Presence of CEHAID, however, did not significantly affect disease progression, prognosis and survival in AIH CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the strong association of CEHAID with AIH. Association between personal and familial extrahepatic autoimmunity especially among first degree relatives was evident. Presence of CEHAID may influence clinical phenotype of AIH at presentation but without notable impact on the long term clinical outcome

Non-stoichiometry and ion transport in halide perovskites: Equilibrium situation and light effects

In recent years, hybrid halide perovskites have been attracting great attention due to their exceptional photo-electrochemical properties.[1-2] When used as light-harvesters in solar cells, device efficiencies exceeding 22% can be realized. We showed that a deeper understanding of (i) functionality, (ii) stability, as well as (iii) the possibility to improve the performance require a thorough insight into non-stoichiometry and ion transport.[3-5] In this contribution, we study the nature of the ionic conductivity in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), the archetypal halide perovskite, by means of a great number of electrochemical and nuclear magnetic techniques.[4] To aid the experimental investigation, we include detailed defect chemical modelling describing the effects of iodine partial pressure (Fig. 1a), doping and interaction with oxygen.[5] We also discuss results that show the significance of ion redistribution phenomena for relevant interfaces. By extending this study to the situation under illumination, we observe a striking enhancement of ionic conductivity by more than 2 orders of magnitude in MAPbI3, alongside the expected increase in electronic conductivity.[6] We provide a mechanistic explanation of this astonishing phenomenon and discuss its relevance for future light-triggered ionic devices (“opto-ionics”, see Fig. 1b). Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Circulating endothelial cells demonstrate an attenuation of endothelial damage by minimizing the extracorporeal circulation

ObjectiveDetachment of endothelial cells may represent serious injury of the endothelium after cardiopulmonary bypass. We investigated whether the extent of endothelial injury is related to the type of cardiopulmonary bypass system used (conventional or minimized) and determined circulating endothelial cells as well as von Willebrand factor and soluble thrombomodulin.MethodsTwenty patients scheduled for elective coronary bypass grafting were randomly assigned to either the minimal extracorporeal circulation system or the standard cardiopulmonary bypass. Ten healthy volunteers served as controls. Circulating endothelial cells per milliliter of full blood were perioperatively determined by immunomagnetic cell separation technique. Endothelial plasma markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsPreoperative circulating endothelial cell numbers did not differ between the experimental groups, but were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (18.6 ± 5.6 vs 7.2 ± 3.8, P < .001). At 6 hours, circulating endothelial cell numbers increased significantly compared with baseline in both experimental groups and peaked at 12 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass initiation, each time with significantly lower values in the minimal extracorporeal circulation group (6 hours: 44.0 ± 9.9 vs 29.6 ± 9.8, P = .007; 12 hours: 48.1 ± 6.8 vs 31.8 ± 7.1, P < .001). Likewise, von Willebrand factor and soluble thrombomodulin postoperatively increased in both groups with a tendency toward lower levels in the minimal extracorporeal circulation group. Although circulating endothelial cells gradually declined, continually with lower numbers in the minimal extracorporeal circulation group, the endothelial plasma markers remained elevated during observation time.ConclusionsCirculating endothelial cells represent a novel marker of the intrinsic endothelial damage caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. Its analysis facilitates the evaluation of cardiopulmonary bypass modifications as the minimal extracorporeal circulation system could be proven to be less injurious to endothelium and myocardium