4,042 research outputs found
Differential Entropy on Statistical Spaces
We show that the previously introduced concept of distance on statistical
spaces leads to a straightforward definition of differential entropy on these
statistical spaces. These spaces are characterized by the fact that their
points can only be localized within a certain volume and exhibit thus a feature
of fuzziness. This implies that Riemann integrability of relevant integrals is
no longer secured. Some discussion on the specialization of this formalism to
quantum states concludes the paper.Comment: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the joint meeting of the 2nd
International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems
and Applications (CITSA 2005) and the 11th International Conference on
Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2005), to be held in
Orlando, USA, on July 14-17, 200
UV solar irradiance in observations and the NRLSSI and SATIRE-S models
Total solar irradiance and UV spectral solar irradiance have been monitored
since 1978 through a succession of space missions. This is accompanied by the
development of models aimed at replicating solar irradiance by relating the
variability to solar magnetic activity. The NRLSSI and SATIRE-S models provide
the most comprehensive reconstructions of total and spectral solar irradiance
over the period of satellite observation currently available. There is
persistent controversy between the various measurements and models in terms of
the wavelength dependence of the variation over the solar cycle, with
repercussions on our understanding of the influence of UV solar irradiance
variability on the stratosphere. We review the measurement and modelling of UV
solar irradiance variability over the period of satellite observation. The
SATIRE-S reconstruction is consistent with spectral solar irradiance
observations where they are reliable. It is also supported by an independent,
empirical reconstruction of UV spectral solar irradiance based on UARS/SUSIM
measurements from an earlier study. The weaker solar cycle variability produced
by NRLSSI between 300 and 400 nm is not evident in any available record. We
show that although the method employed to construct NRLSSI is principally
sound, reconstructed solar cycle variability is detrimentally affected by the
uncertainty in the SSI observations it draws upon in the derivation. Based on
our findings, we recommend, when choosing between the two models, the use of
SATIRE-S for climate studies
Comprehensive analysis of risk factors associating with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy
Liquid-to-liquid phase transition in pancake vortex systems
We study the thermodynamics of a model of pancake vortices in layered
superconductors. The model is based on the effective pair potential for the
pancake vortices derived from the London approximation of a version of the
Lawrence-Doniach model which is valid for extreme type-II superconductors.
Using the hypernetted-chain (HNC) approximation, we find that there is a
temperature below which multiple solutions to the HNC equations exist. By
explicitly evaluating the free energy for each solution we find that the system
undergoes a first-order transition between two vortex liquid phases. The
low-temperature phase has larger correlations along the field direction than
the high-temperature phase. We discuss the possible relation of this phase
transition to the liquid-to-liquid phase transition recently observed in
Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors in high magnetic fields in the presence of disorder.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Metastable Dynamics of the Hard-Sphere System
The reformulation of the mode-coupling theory (MCT) of the liquid-glass
transition which incorporates the element of metastability is applied to the
hard-sphere system. It is shown that the glass transition in this system is not
a sharp one at the special value of the density or the packing fraction, which
is in contrast to the prediction by the conventional MCT. Instead we find that
the slowing down of the dynamics occurs over a range of values of the packing
fraction. Consequently, the exponents governing the sequence of time
relaxations in the intermediate time regime are given as functions of packing
fraction with one additional parameter which describes the overall scale of the
metastable potential energy for defects in the hard-sphere system. Implications
of the present model on the recent experiments on colloidal systems are also
discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures (available upon request), RevTEX3.0, JFI
Preprint
COVID-19 Related Mobility Reduction: Heterogenous Effects on Sleep and Physical Activity Rhythms
Mobility restrictions imposed to suppress coronavirus transmission can alter
physical activity (PA) and sleep patterns. Characterization of response
heterogeneity and their underlying reasons may assist in tailoring customized
interventions. We obtained wearable data covering baseline, incremental
movement restriction and lockdown periods from 1824 city-dwelling, working
adults aged 21 to 40 years, incorporating 206,381 nights of sleep and 334,038
days of PA. Four distinct rest activity rhythms (RARs) were identified using
k-means clustering of participants' temporally distributed step counts.
Hierarchical clustering of the proportion of time spent in each of these RAR
revealed 4 groups who expressed different mixtures of RAR profiles before and
during the lockdown. Substantial but asymmetric delays in bedtime and waketime
resulted in a 24 min increase in weekday sleep duration with no loss in sleep
efficiency. Resting heart rate declined 2 bpm. PA dropped an average of 38%. 4
groups with different compositions of RAR profiles were found. Three were
better able to maintain PA and weekday/weekend differentiation during lockdown.
The least active group comprising 51 percent of the sample, were younger and
predominantly singles. Habitually less active already, this group showed the
greatest reduction in PA during lockdown with little weekday/weekend
differences. Among different mobility restrictions, removal of habitual social
cues by lockdown had the largest effect on PA and sleep. Sleep and resting
heart rate unexpectedly improved. RAR evaluation uncovered heterogeneity of
responses to lockdown and can identify characteristics of persons at risk of
decline in health and wellbeing.Comment: 30 pages, 3 main figures, 3 tables, 4 supplementary figure
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