Enzymological characterization of pineapple extract for potential application in oak tasar ( Antheraea proylei J.) silk cocoon cooking and reeling

Proteinases have the potential to effect partial solubilization of the proteinaceous gum sericin involved in binding the silk strands together in cocoon, an essential step in the silk cocoon cooking and reeling. Therefore, pineapple extract rich in cysteine proteinases was enzymologically characterized for its potential application in oak tasar ( Antheraea proylei J.) silk cocoon cooking and reeling. Optimum sodium carbonate concentration (9.8 mM) and optimum temperature (60\ub0C) for the proteinase activity were determined. Though relatively thermostable, an enhanced activity loss was observed when the extract was incubated in the temperature range 70-90\ub0C with sodium carbonate. Bulk of the activity (80-83%) remained after 1 hr of time-dependent inactivation at 60\ub0C. The tasar cocoon extract neither caused inhibition of the activity nor enhanced its time-dependent loss by incubation at 60\ub0C. However, it caused an enhanced time-dependent loss of the activity by incubation at 60\ub0C with sodium carbonate. Considering these enzymological characteristics, experimental cocoon-cooking media were constituted by taking the pineapple extract with or without sodium carbonate at room temperature or 60\ub0C. The results of the cocoon cooking and subsequent single silk filament reeling indicated for an applicability of pineapple extract as an effective agent for the oak tasar cocoon cooking and reeling

Ornamental fisheries in Northeast India: State of the art and future directions

Not AvailableOrnamental fish keeping is a growing sector in aquaculture and still the 2nd most popular hobby comprising of 100 million of hobbyist in the world. More than 2500 fish species are involved in the global ornamental fish industry, where over 60% are of freshwater origin and 40% of marine origin. Out of the 422 fish species that have been reported for the Northeast region, 250 have the potential to be ornamental, with Assam having the largest number of ornamental fish species (187 species) recorded. Several species of fish can be considered as potential ornamental fish, at least during their early juvenile phase or during their breeding season. Wetlands/lakes of Assam and other Northeast states contribute a major portion in Ornamental fish diversity of Northeast India.Not Availabl

Occurrence of functional single-lobed ovary in Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton,1822) brood fish from Assam, India

Occurrence of abnormally developed gonads in fish is rather more uncommon in freshwater fish than marine fish. It is therefore worthwhile to disseminate the information of occurrence of a single-lobed ovary in Cirrhinus mrigala brood fish as an abnormal phenomenon. During April 2011 to March 2013, around 500 brood fish samples of Indian major carps (Labeo rohita, Catla and C. mrigala) were collected from different government and private fish farms of Assam and Tripura located in the Northeast of India. Among them, one C. mrigala specimen measuring 41 cm in total length and 640 g in weight collected from Ulubari fish seed farm of Guwahati, Assam during June, 2012 was found to have a single-lobed ovary instead of the normal bilobed structure. The ovary occupied the entire body cavity and the majority of ova were round and translucent. The ovary contributed substantially to the total body weight with gonado-somatic index of 32.81 which was the highest among all the mrigal specimens examined. The study indicates possibility of artificially inducing development of single-lobed ovary in C. mrigala for achieving possible higher spawn outputs in induced breeding of the cultivable species

Indigenous finfish species for aquaculture diversification : current status and prospects in North Eastern region

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Biometric Indices, Physio-Metabolic Responses and Carcass Quality in Rohu (Labeo rohita) during Feed Deprivation

Understanding changes in biometric indices and metabolism in fish exposed to feed deprivation may be useful in aquaculture. The present study elucidates the effect of feed deprivation on physio-biochemical responses, such as changes in biometric indices, nutrient mobilization patterns, and enzyme activities in rohu (Labeo rohita). Experimental fish (av. wt. 3.41 ± 0.07 g) were deprived of feed and sampled at intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days to measure weight, length, body composition, and the activities of enzymes involved in digestion, metabolism, and antioxidation. A decrease in body weight, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and gastrosomatic index (GSI) was observed during the initial stage of feed deprivation (15 to 30 days) but remained unchanged thereafter. The total carbohydrate and lipid content also decreased rapidly up until 30 days, then stabilized. However, the reduction in tissue protein content (% wet weight) continued gradually with the duration of feed deprivation from 12.85 ± 0.36 at 0 days to 10.04 ± 0.67 at 15 days, 8.79 ± 0.59 at 30 days, 6.95 ± 0.69 at 45 days, and 6.16 ± 0.8 at 60 days, which was lower, compared to the other two body constituents. Amylase, protease. and lipase activities significantly reduced up until 30 days, but then stabilized. Although G6PDH enzyme activity decreased, gluconeogenic (LDH, AST, and ALT) and antioxidative (SOD and catalase) enzyme activities increased during initial feed deprivation (up to 30 days). A tissue-specific difference in amino acid metabolism with a major role of ALT in liver and AST in muscle was observed. This study revealed that rohu fingerlings adapted well to feed deprivation up until 30 days, beyond which there was an overall deterioration in the metabolic functions

Handbook on pig and fish husbandry practices

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: strengths and opportunities in conservation of aquatic biodiversity

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