Trends and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity among urban Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016

Background: Nutritional, epidemiological and demographic transitions have been associated with the emergence of the double burden of malnutrition globally. In Ethiopia, there has been no nationally representative investigation of trends and determinants of both underweight and overweight/obesity among urban women. This study examined the trends and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity in urban Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016. Methods: Trends in the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity were investigated based on a series of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data for the years 2000 (n = 2559), 2005 (n = 1112), 2011 (n = 3569), and 2016 (n = 3106). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the association between socioeconomic, demographic, behavioural, and community-level factors with underweight and overweight/obesity. Results: The prevalence of underweight in urban Ethiopian women reduced significantly from 23.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.3, 26.3%) in 2000 to 14.8% (95% CI: 13.1, 16.7%) in 2016, while overweight/obesity increased significantly from 10.9% (95% CI: 9.1, 13.0%) in 2000 to 21.4% (95% CI: 18.2, 25.1%) in 2016. Urban women from rich households and those who had never married were less likely to be underweight. Urban women who were from wealthy households and those who attained at least secondary education were more likely to be overweight/obese. Women who were informally employed and listened to the radio were less likely to be overweight/obese compared to those who were unemployed and did not listen to the radio, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 2000 to 2016, with a concurrent reduction in the prevalence of underweight. Interventions aiming to reduce overweight and obesity should target urban women with higher education, those who resided in wealthier households and those who watched the television

Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Sinan Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Child malnutrition accounted by poor dietary diversity is common in developing countries contributing for child morbidity and mortality. It also has an impact on child growth and development. Almost all nutritional related problems are preventable by implementing infant and child feeding strategies. The first two years of life are particularly important to reverse the nutritional problems by achieving dietary diversity feeding. The study aimed to assess dietary diversity and its associated factors among 6–23 months old children in Sinan Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods We conducted community based cross-sectional study among children aged 6–23 months in Sinan Woreda from February 16 to March 10, 2016. Random sampling technique was used to select 740 samples. Data on children’s dietary diversity of the last 24 h were collected through interview of mothers. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify the independent factors associated with sub-optimal dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months. Results Seven hundred thirty six samples were included in the analysis with the response rate of 99%. Optimum dietary diversity was observed in 13% children. The dominant food groups consumed were grains. Availability of media sources at household [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.77 (1.65–4.68)], availability of cow milk in the household [AOR = 2.39 (1.31–4.35)], women’s involvement in decision-making at household level [AOR = 2.07 (1.02–4.20)], institutional delivery service utilization [AOR = 2.40 (1.24–4.67)], receiving assisted delivery service [AOR = 2.36 (1.12–4.98)], receiving postnatal care [AOR = 2.07 (1.18–3.63)], distance far from the health center [AOR = 3.11 (1.66–5.83)] and meal frequency being four and above [AOR = 3.31 (1.53–7.18)] were associated with dietary diversity. Conclusion This study concluded that optimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months in Sinan Woreda is low. Meal frequency is positively associated with dietary diversity. Women involvement at household decision making improves dietary diversity of children. Ensuring maternal health service utilization can contribute for better dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months. Large scale an interventional based research has to be conducted

Factors associated with depression among prisoners in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among prisoners in Hawassa Central Correctional Institution, Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Result 56.4% of study participants had significant depressive symptoms. During Multiple logistic regression, depression was significantly associated with not participating in income generating activities inside the prison [AOR = 0.531 95% CI (0.32, 0.87)], History of Chronic disease [AOR = 2.62 95% CI (1.29, 5.32)] and history of Khat chewing [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI (1.04–5.85)]

Prevalence and associated factors of suicide ideation and attempt among adolescent high school students in Dangila Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Background. Suicide is a major public health problem and is common among adolescents worldwide. The true extent of the problem in Ethiopia is difficult to ascertain as suicides and suicidal behavior are significantly underreported and understudied. Objective. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempt among adolescent high school students in Dangila Town, Ethiopia. Methods. This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2015 in Dangila Town. Data were collected from adolescent high school students using pretested, self-administered Amharic-language questionnaire. We conducted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify the independent factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt. Results. A total of 573 of 603 sampled students participated in the study (95% response rate). The mean (±SD) age of the respondents was 17.52 (±0.97) years. The minimum and maximum ages were 15 and 19 years, respectively. The prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt was 22.5% and 16.2%, respectively. School absenteeism [AOR 4.30, 95% CI (2.03, 9.10)] and poor social support [AOR 5.58, 95% CI (2.25, 13.84)] were positively associated with suicide ideation. Poor social support [AOR 4.55, 95% CI (1.40, 14.77)] and being physically hurt [AOR 4.25, 95% CI (1.77, 10.20)] were positively associated with suicide attempt. Unlike previous studies of adolescents in low-income countries, we find no association between gender or alcohol use and suicidal thoughts or attempts. Conclusion. This study revealed that at least one in five of the adolescents in our sample had experienced suicide ideation and one in six had attempted suicide. School absenteeism, poor social support, and experience of violence were identified as independent contributors to suicide ideation and attempt. These findings suggest a need for education policymakers to implement school-based behavioral therapy programs in collaboration with health institutions and programs to provide social support for vulnerable students

Community Attitude and Associated Factors towards People with Mental Illness among Residents of Worabe Town, Silte Zone, Southern Nation's Nationalities and People's Region, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND:Mental illnesses worldwide are accompanied by another pandemic, that of stigma and discrimination. Public understanding about mental illnesses and attitudes towards people with mental illness play a paramount role in the prevention and treatment of mental illness and the rehabilitation of people with mental illness. OBJECTIVE:To assess community attitude and associated factors towards people with mental illness. METHODS:Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 28 to May 28, 2014. Quantitative data were collected through interview from 435 adults selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using community attitude towards mentally ill (CAMI) tool to assess community attitude towards people with mental illness and associated factors. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of community attitude towards people with mental illness and the level of significance association was determined by beta with 95% confidence interval and P less than 0.05. RESULTS:The highest mean score was on social restrictiveness subscale (31.55±5.62). Farmers had more socially restrictive view (β = 0.291, CI [0.09, 0.49]) and have less humanistic view towards mentally ill (β = 0.193, CI [-0.36, -0.03]). Having mental health information had significantly less socially restrictive (β = -0.59, CI [-1.13, -0.05]) and less authoritarian (β = -0.10, CI [-1.11, -0.06]) view towards mentally ill but respondents who are at university or college level reported to be more socially restrictive (β = 0.298, CI [0.059, 0.54]). Respondents whose age is above 48 years old had significantly less view of community mental health ideology (β = -0.59, CI [-1.09, -0.08]). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:Residents of Worabe town were highly socially restrictive but less authoritarian. There was high level of negative attitude towards people with mental illness along all the subscales with relative variation indicating a need to develop strategies to change negative attitude attached to mental illness in Worabe town at community level

Sample size estimation using the mean for CAMI sub scales, Worabe town, Silte zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2014.

<p>Sample size estimation using the mean for CAMI sub scales, Worabe town, Silte zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2014.</p

Multiple linear regression analysis showing significant predictors of CAMI sub scales in Worabe town, Silte Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2014.

<p>Multiple linear regression analysis showing significant predictors of CAMI sub scales in Worabe town, Silte Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2014.</p