An Application of the Moving Frame Method to Integral Geometry in the Heisenberg Group

We show the fundamental theorems of curves and surfaces in the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group and find a complete set of invariants for curves and surfaces respectively. The proofs are based on Cartan's method of moving frames and Lie group theory. As an application of the main theorems, a Crofton-type formula is proved in terms of p-area which naturally arises from the variation of volume. The application makes a connection between CR geometry and integral geometry

Large-area flexible electronics based on low-temperature solution-processed oxide semiconductors

Due to their high charge carrier mobility, optical transparency and mechanical flexibility, thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on metal oxide semiconductors represent an emerging technology that offers the potential to revolutionise the next-generations of large-area electronics. This thesis focuses on the development of high-performance TFTs based on low-temperature, solution-processed metal oxide semiconductors that are compatible with inexpensive flexible plastic substrates. The first part of the dissertation describes an ultraviolet light assisted processing method suitable for room-temperature activation of ZnO nanoparticles and their application as semiconducting channels in TFTs. The impact of the semiconductor/dielectric interface on electrical performance is studied using different device configurations and dielectric surface-passivation methods. Furthermore, a nanocomposite concept is proposed in order to assist electron transport between different crystalline domains. Using this approach, TFTs with electron mobilities of ~3 cm2/Vs are demonstrated. The second part of this work explores a carbon-free, aqueous-based Zn-ammine complex route for the synthesis of polycrystalline ZnO thin-films at low temperature and their subsequent use in TFTs. Concurrently, the development of a complementary high-κ oxide dielectric system enables the demonstration of high-performance ZnO TFTs with electron mobilities >10 cm2/Vs and operation voltage down to ~1.2 V. This low-temperature aqueous chemistry is further explored using a facile n-type doping approach. Enhancement in electrical performance is attributed to the different crystallographic properties of the Al-doped ZnO layers. The final part of the thesis introduces a novel TFT concept that exploits the enhanced electron transport properties of low-dimensional polycrystalline quasi-superlattices (QSLs), consisting of sequentially spin-cast layers of In2O3, Ga2O3 and ZnO deposited at temperatures 40 cm2/Vs - an order of magnitude higher than devices based on single binary oxide layers. Based on temperature dependent electron transport and capacitance-voltage measurements, it is reasoned that the enhanced electrical performance arises from the presence of quasi two-dimensional electron gas-like systems formed at the carefully engineered oxide heterointerfaces buried within the QSLs.Open Acces

Photomicrographs and autoradiograms of fresh and freeze-dried strawberries

Little information concerning the histology of the strawberry fruit is available. The reason for inadequate histological investigations is due primarily to the difficulty encountered in conducting such a study. The strawberry fruit is composed of delicate tissues; therefore, preparation for histological examination of such materials presents problems not always encountered with the more rigid structures. One of the most recent processing methods utilized to preserve strawberries is freeze-drying. Inadequate data are available concerning the effect of this process on the histological changes of the berry. Knowledge of the cellular structure of fresh berries and freeze-dried (F-D) berries is believed essential for advancement of technology concerning strawberry processing. Investigations concerning the effect of the freeze drying process on physical alterations of the tissue have been conducted on several vegetable and fruit tissues. These studies indicate that rate of freezing tissue prior to drying influences the amount of water taken up during rehydration. Use of radioactive tracers in the rehydrating media (autoradiography) coupled with the employment of histological examination should provide information showing the effect of freezing rate on structural and cellular distortion. Objectives of this study are: 1. To make a histological study of the fresh strawberry fruit. 2. To study the effects of freezing rates on the structural and cellular changes of F-D strawberries . 3. To study the penetrability and distribution of different radioactive substances in the F-D strawberry fruit

Essays on Alternative Perspectives on Cross-Border B2B Trust and Commitment

The relationship marketing literature suggests trust and commitment are two central facets in business-to-business (B2B) relationships. However, extant studies criticize how relationship marketing literature theorizes B2B trust and commitment. This dissertation aims to draw various perspectives from disciplines of Sociology, Psychology, and Management Sciences to examine the cultivation of B2B trust and commitment to shed lights on the literature. In Essay 1, I reported empirical findings on 202 international buyer-seller relationships. Essay 1 reveals that, within bilateral asset specificity, (1) achieving goodwill reciprocity always enhances trust, regardless of the duration contingency; (2) violating equivalence reciprocity impairs trust over the duration. Essay 1 resolves inconsistent findings of how relationship duration influence on B2B trust in the relationship marketing literature. Indeed, another contribution of Essay 1 is to extend the field’s understandings on bilateral asset specificity by proposing the underlying reciprocity in addition to economic-based explanation. In Essay 2, I argued that, in the triadic business relationship among exporter, importer, and host market buyers, importers are threatened by the risk of disintermediation and face the conundrum between to support and to against the supplier’s global marketing in the host market. I reported findings from 164 triadic business. Essay 2 empirically identifies that, from the importer’s view, the three focal dyadic business relationships (i.e. exporter-importer, importer-buyer, and exporter-buyer) are interconnected with each other. Importers employ the reference point approach to manage the multi-dyadic business relationships. The results reveal that, importers holistically evaluate the buyer’s relative commitment to the importer themselves than to the upstream exporter to form their host market strategies