Allocation of scarce resources in Africa during COVID-19:Utility and justice for the bottom of the pyramid?

CITATION: Moodley, K. et al. 2020. Allocation of scarce resources in Africa during COVID‐19 : utility and justice for the bottom of the pyramid? Developing World Bioethics, doi:10.1111/dewb.12280.The original publication is available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.comThe COVID‐19 pandemic has raised important universal public health challenges. Conceiving ethical responses to these challenges is a public health imperative but must take context into account. This is particularly important in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). In this paper, we examine how some of the ethical recommendations offered so far in high‐income countries might appear from a SSA perspective. We also reflect on some of the key ethical challenges raised by the COVID‐19 pandemic in low‐income countries suffering from chronic shortages in health care resources, and chronic high morbidity and mortality from non‐COVID‐19 causes. A parallel is drawn between the distribution of severity of COVID‐19 disease and the classic “Fortune at the bottom of the pyramid” model that is relevant in SSA. Focusing allocation of resources during COVID‐19 on the ‘thick’ part of the pyramid in Low‐to‐Middle Income Countries (LMICs) could be ethically justified on utilitarian and social justice grounds, since it prioritizes a large number of persons who have been economically and socially marginalized. During the pandemic, importing allocation frameworks focused on the apex of the pyramid from the global north may therefore not always be appropriate. In a post‐COVID‐19 world, we need to think strategically about how health care systems can be financed and structured to ensure broad access to adequate health care for all who need it. The root problems underlying health inequity, exposed by COVID‐19, must be addressed, not just to prepare for the next pandemic, but to care for people in resource poor settings in non‐pandemic times.NIH. Grant Numbers: D43‐TW01511‐01, R25‐TW007098https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/dewb.12280Publisher's versio

A melt blowing-electrospinning approach to fabricating nanofibers

A polymer drawing model for melt blowing-electrospinning is established. The fiber diameters are predicted and measured. The results show that the predicted diameters show good agreements with the measured diameters. Fibers fabricated with electrospinning are finer than those without electrospinning, giving a new way to the mass production of nanofibers

Les grèves de médecins en République Démocratique du Congo : quels repères éthiques généralisables?

Depuis plusieurs années, la République Démocratique du Congo est le théâtre de grèves menées par les médecins du pays. Les revendications des grévistes en question sont essentiellement financières et statutaires, et visent à faire pression sur le gouvernement. Dans ce pays, comme c’est le cas presque partout dans le monde, les grèves médicales sont autorisées. Tout travailleur a le droit de dénoncer par la grève des conditions de travail jugées inacceptables. Mais les médecins sont-ils des travailleurs comme les autres? N’ont-ils pas des obligations morales particulières liées aux spécificités de leur profession? Pour éclairer ces questions, les auteurs de cet article proposent trois repères moraux essentiels généralisables à des situations de grèves médicales ailleurs dans le monde. Le premier porte sur la reconnaissance du droit de grève pour les médecins, y compris pour des motifs strictement financiers. On ne peut demander à des professionnels de santé d’exercer leur métier dans des conditions de travail inhumaines ou sans un salaire permettant de faire vivre leur famille. Le deuxième repère estime que l’on ne peut pas accepter que ce droit de grève s’exerce en sacrifiant les patients les plus fragiles et en niant ainsi l’essence même de la profession médicale. Un troisième repère vient complexifier la réflexion en rappelant que l’extrême délabrement du système de santé congolais rend impossible l’organisation d’un service minimum de qualité en cas de grève. Pour sortir de ces difficultés, nous proposons une alliance thérapeutique nationale entre les médecins et les citoyens pour replacer les patients au centre des préoccupations du système de santé

Allocation of scarce resources in Africa during COVID‐19 : utility and justice for the bottom of the pyramid?

CITATION: Moodley, K. et al. 2020. Allocation of scarce resources in Africa during COVID‐19 : utility and justice for the bottom of the pyramid? Developing World Bioethics, doi:10.1111/dewb.12280.The original publication is available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.comThe COVID‐19 pandemic has raised important universal public health challenges. Conceiving ethical responses to these challenges is a public health imperative but must take context into account. This is particularly important in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). In this paper, we examine how some of the ethical recommendations offered so far in high‐income countries might appear from a SSA perspective. We also reflect on some of the key ethical challenges raised by the COVID‐19 pandemic in low‐income countries suffering from chronic shortages in health care resources, and chronic high morbidity and mortality from non‐COVID‐19 causes. A parallel is drawn between the distribution of severity of COVID‐19 disease and the classic “Fortune at the bottom of the pyramid” model that is relevant in SSA. Focusing allocation of resources during COVID‐19 on the ‘thick’ part of the pyramid in Low‐to‐Middle Income Countries (LMICs) could be ethically justified on utilitarian and social justice grounds, since it prioritizes a large number of persons who have been economically and socially marginalized. During the pandemic, importing allocation frameworks focused on the apex of the pyramid from the global north may therefore not always be appropriate. In a post‐COVID‐19 world, we need to think strategically about how health care systems can be financed and structured to ensure broad access to adequate health care for all who need it. The root problems underlying health inequity, exposed by COVID‐19, must be addressed, not just to prepare for the next pandemic, but to care for people in resource poor settings in non‐pandemic times.NIH. Grant Numbers: D43‐TW01511‐01, R25‐TW007098https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/dewb.12280Publisher's versio