WATER, SANITATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN FRINGE SETTLEMENTS IN NIGERIA

The importance of water and sanitation facilities has been reflected in the measurement of human development and in their inclusion in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Water and sanitation facilities attain a unique situation at the urban fringe. This study is focused on the investigation of the supply of water and sanitation facilities in the fringe settlements along a development corridor of Minna, Nigeria. This corridor is attracting development from both federal and state institutions including large scale housing development. The settlements are outside the limits of water mains for the city of Minna and have received little attention in the provision of water and sanitation facilities. The present state of water and sanitation in these settlements connote low human development and stand at risk to the health of the people. The danger of serious impact on health with current urbanization of these settlements calls for re-evaluation of a laissez-faire approach that leaves the residents to informal adjustment. Against these backgrounds, the objectives of this paper are to investigate access to water and sanitation facilities in the urban fringe settlements, to determine the adequacy of these facilities; to investigate coping mechanisms by the people, to understand the burden of water search and how these are likely to affect health and human development and to discuss how integrated community-based efforts could improve water and sanitation facilities in the settlements.water, sanitation, deprivation, poverty, human development.

A scoping study of barriers and drivers of sustainable design and construction in Nigeria

Construction stakeholders have been under pressure to reduce the industry's environmental footprint by adopting new technologies. In a two-round Delphi survey, a panel of 12 experts were required to rate and rank the importance of 75 drivers and 21 barriers to sustainable design and construction. After the second round of the survey, 61 drivers and 15 barriers were rated with a high degree of group agreement (Kendall's W =.511; p.001). A high Spearman's rank correlation value (rho = 0.923, p <.001) indicated a strong degree of convergence between rounds. Also, the result (Kendall’s W = 0.76; p < 0.000) indicated a high panel consensus on ranked barriers items with lack of government policy, misconception of construction cost overrun, no reflection of recovery of long-term savings in service fee structure, conflicting public policy and/ or regulations, lack of awareness from clients (Owner/ Developer), a limited knowledge and understanding of sustainable issues by customers, deployment of resources to back technological changes, and lack of knowledge and understanding from design professionals were ranked low as barriers to sustainable design and construction. The findings from the study would provide information on regulatory and socio-economic factors that impact sustainable design and construction in Nigeria, and strengthen the implementation of sustainability in the construction industry

A scoping study of barriers and drivers of sustainable design and construction in Nigeria

Construction stakeholders have been under pressure to reduce the industry's environmental footprint by adopting new technologies. In a two-round Delphi survey, a panel of 12 experts were required to rate and rank the importance of 75 drivers and 21 barriers to sustainable design and construction. After the second round of the survey, 61 drivers and 15 barriers were rated with a high degree of group agreement (Kendall's W =.511; p.001). A high Spearman's rank correlation.value (rho = 0.923, p <.001) indicated a strong degree of convergence between rounds. Also, the result (Kendall’s W = 0.76; p < 0.000) indicated a high panel consensus on ranked barriers items with lack of government policy, misconception of construction cost overrun, no reflection of recovery of long-term savings in service fee structure, conflicting public policy and/ or regulations, lack of awareness from clients (Owner/ Developer), a limited knowledge and understanding of sustainable issues by customers, deployment of resources to back technological changes, and lack of knowledge and understanding from design professionals were ranked low as barriers to sustainable design and construction. The findings from the study would provide information on regulatory and socio-economic factors that impact sustainable design and construction in Nigeria, and strengthen the implementation of sustainability in the construction industry

Expanding ethics justice across borders : the role of global philosophy

Our energy systems are truly international, and yet even now, our energy policies tend to be grounded at the national level and in many instances, remain ill-equipped to tackle transboundary energy issues. Our energy policy systems are also largely detached from the concerns of ethics or justice. It follows that we must find new and innovative ways of not conceptualising these normative issues, but of operationalising response to them. This book stems from the emergent gap: the need for comparative approaches to energy justice, and for those that consider non-Western ethical traditions. Opening the edited volume, this chapter begins by giving context to the concept of “energy justice” itself and outlines our comparative philosophical approach to it, focusing specifically on “global philosophy” for its role in dialectically engaging with philosophies from around the world. We then show how the different chapters of the volume contribute to this purpose in four parts: setting the scene, practice, applying theory to practice and theoretical approaches. The final section of this chapter concludes with reflections on the contribution of global philosophy approaches to energy justice as with a set of future research recommendations. Through these recommendations, and all of those within, we position the book as one that contributes to energy justice scholarship across borders of nations, borders of ways of thinking and borders of disciplines

Prevalence of obesity and high level of cholesterol in hypertension: analysis of data from the University College Hospital, Ibadan

This study was undertaken to determine what proportion of patients with hypertension are obese and or have elevated serum cholesterol. The data of two hundred and fifty patients who attended the outpatient clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan from January 1998 to December 2001 were analysed. Almost half of the subjects (48.8%) had mild, 40.8% moderate, and 8.8% severe hypertension. While mild hypertension was more in the females (55.4%), moderate and severe hypertension was more among males. Among the subjects that were overweight (BMI>2530) among the females (63.6%) than the males (36.4%). Only 166 of the subjects had serum cholesterol analysis, and only 9.6% had a hyper-cholesterol (>240mg/dl) level. Obesity and hyper-cholesterol and hypertension are known risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Since weight reduction has been noted to reduce severity of hypertension, this should be a cost effective intervention in both the control of hypertension and lowering the risk of coronary heart diseases

Prevalence of obesity and high level of cholesterol in hypertension: analysis of data from the University College Hospital, Ibadan

This study was undertaken to determine what proportion of patients with hypertension are obese and or have elevated serum cholesterol. The data of two hundred and fifty patients who attended the outpatient clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan from January 1998 to December 2001 were analysed. Almost half of the subjects (48.8%) had mild, 40.8% moderate, and 8.8% severe hypertension. While mild hypertension was more in the females (55.4%), moderate and severe hypertension was more among males. Among the subjects that were overweight (BMI>2530) among the females (63.6%) than the males (36.4%). Only 166 of the subjects had serum cholesterol analysis, and only 9.6% had a hyper-cholesterol (>240mg/dl) level. Obesity and hyper-cholesterol and hypertension are known risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Since weight reduction has been noted to reduce severity of hypertension, this should be a cost effective intervention in both the control of hypertension and lowering the risk of coronary heart diseases

Exploring marginalization and exclusion in renewable energy development in Africa: a perspective from western individualism and African ubuntu philosophy

The objectives of this chapter are to understand the ethical principles that are relevant to the achievement of energy justice; to explore energy marginalization in Africa and to analyse this marginalization from the perspectives of Western and Ubuntu ethics; to underscore the violation of ethics in renewable energy deployment; and to find means of addressing energy injustice through proper application of the respective ethical principles. Part of the data for the study were sourced from the reports of the Renewable Energy for Twenty-First Century (REN21)

Clasificación de imágenes satelitales mediante el uso de memorias asociativas

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. We must find new and innovative ways of conceptualizing transboundary energy issues, of embedding concerns of ethics or justice into energy policy, and of operationalizing response to them. This book stems from the emergent gap; the need for comparative approaches to energy justice, and for those that consider ethical traditions that go beyond the classical Western approach. This edited volume unites the fields of energy justice and comparative philosophy to provide an overarching global perspective and approach to applying energy ethics. We contribute to this purpose in four sections: setting the scene, practice, applying theory to practice, and theoretical approaches. Through the chapters featured in the volume, we position the book as one that contributes to energy justice scholarship across borders of nations, borders of ways of thinking and borders of disciplines. The outcome will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying energy justice, ethics and environment, as well as energy scholars, policy makers, and energy analysts

On the concept of "Energy" from a transcultural perspective

This chapter gives an overview of the concept of energy from a transcultural perspective. Often, energy is only approached by means of the stipulative definition as used in science. This usage disregards the specific philosophical origins of the concept. In the comparative philosophy of Ulrich Libbrecht, the concept of energy is used as a comparative category, which has related concepts in each of the various ideal types of worldviews-the Greek, the Indian, and the Chinese-his comparative model describes. By informing ourselves of particularly Buddhist and Chinese perspectives on energy and ethics, we can transform and expand our understanding of energy, in order to increase its explanatory power, with regard to contemporary questions of energy justice. This includes a posthuman approach towards it