Dark matter in spiral galaxies

During the last few decades, it has been discovered that most of the material in the Universe is invisible. Since it interacts only gravitationally with the rest of the Universe components. From the latest measurements of WMAP satellite we know that the Universe consists of 4% Baryons, 22% Cold Dark Matter, 74% Dark Energy. Now it is clear a wonderful time to study cosmology. Using the latest technological advances we have obtained detailed picture of the early Universe and maps of the distribution of matter on the largest scales in the Universe today. And we have a physical model for the origin and evolution of the Universe. However on the small scales there are still a lot of open issues. The mass distribution in spiral galaxies is an interesting question that is tightly band to the galaxy formation and evolution process

ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS

The aim of the research is to identify the directions of accounting and economic analysis in the context of globalization and electronic data processing. The role of accounting and economic analysis in managing sustainable development of the national economy and economic entities is determined. The theoretical and methodological design of improved systems of accounting and economic analysis of  enterprises’ economic activity including expanded and updated functions, tasks and principles in accordance with current conditions of digitalization and globalization of public relations is presented. It allows creating appropriate organizational and methodological provision of accounting and analytical support of managing enterprises’ activity to increase reliability and relevance of accounting information. The authors prove that  improved components of the accounting and economic analysis system of enterprises’ economic activity in the conditions of digitalization and globalization of economic relations will enhance application of  accounting techniques, procedures, methodological support, management and internal control.

Analyzing Public-Private Partnership in Ukraine and World-Wide

The article is aimed at carrying out an analysis of public-private partnership in Ukraine and other world countries, in particular in the countries of the European and Eurasian Unions. It is proved that public-private partnership has not yet acquired widespread distribution due to the insufficiently elaborated mechanism for its implementation. It is substantiated that the use of an improved mechanism of public-private partnership, being an efficient form of integration interaction of budgetary institutions and private sector on the basis of social responsibility and sustainable development of the national economy, allows to attract in the budget sphere private investments directed to improving the quality of goods and services, as well as ensuring the efficient economic activity. It is determined that no reference form of public-private partnership exists, because the variety of combinations of cooperation between the public and private sectors depends on the country, region, direction of activity, industry sectors, subjects and objects of cooperation, characteristics of projects and from many other factors. Based on the analysis of the practice of implementation and support of public-private partnership in the economically developed countries, it is substantiated that each country uses its own instruments to facilitate the development of social partnership through the coordinated activities of Governments, the State and local authorities, as well as private partners. An analysis of public-private partnership in Ukraine, countries of the European and Eurasian Unions is carried out

The National and Foreign Features of the Accounting and Taxation of the Renewal and Repair of Non-Current Assets

The purpose of the article is to systematize and substantiate the national and foreign peculiarities of accounting and taxation of the renewal and repair of non-current assets. It is proved that by investing in the renewal of non-current assets, the efficiency of economic activity of an enterprise is achieved, and compared to the acquisition or creation of new items of non-current assets, renewal and repairs require significantly less cost and are capable of increasing the productivity of economic activity of enterprises in a relatively short time and at relatively low cost. The authors propose to interpret renewal as a set of measures aimed at maintaining the items of non-current assets in working condition with elements of improvement of the initially expected economic benefits, as well as at increasing future economic benefits initially expected from the use of such assets. Such an interpretation of renewal will allow to include repairs and maintenance with elements of modification or modernization of individual parts of the item, which meets the needs of modern production and increases the objectivity of assessing the value of non-current assets that have undergone appropriate improvement. The authors substantiate both the national and foreign peculiarities of accounting and taxation of the renewal and repairs of non-current assets. The main problems of accounting and taxation of the renewal and ongoing repairs of non-current assets are identified, among which the main ones are as follows: arbitrary interpretation of the term «renewal» and diverse and inconsistent classification of types of renewal of the non-current assets in accounting and taxation practice in the absence of a clear disclosure of this concept in the national or international regulations; outdated primary documents; lack of specially designated accounts for accounting for the costs of repairing non-current assets and insufficient analytical orientation of subaccounts to the account 15 «Capital investments» to reflect the improvement of non-current assets – owing to the lack of a systematic classification of such costs; unregulatedness in legal acts of the process of determining cases when the implementation of a particular type of repair or renewal leads, or does not lead to an increase in future economic benefits originally expected from the use of the item, which complicates the procedure for accounting and defining the amount of possible changes in the valuation of non-current assets. A list of the main directions of development of digital socioeconomic relations in the context of global cooperation is proposed. To improve the system of accounting and taxation of the renewal and repair of non-current assets, it is proposed the following: reworking of regulatory legal acts in terms of disclosure of the concept of of «renewal» and providing a single reasonable classification of its types, which will contribute to an adequate presentation of information on the costs of the renewal of non-current assets and more fully meet the information needs of the analysis; definition of basic accounts and guidelines for accounting for these costs, especially taking into account the types of renewal, which will avoid possible erroneous accounting records and facilitate the formation of an analysis information base. The considered problems of accounting and taxation of the renewal and repair of non-current assets and proposed recommendations for their solution create the basis for continuing research in the direction of improving the methodology and organization of accounting and taxation of economic activity of enterprises in conditions of limited financial and material resources

Developing the Information Systems for Accounting and Taxation in the Context of Globalization and Digitalization of Economic Relations

The article is aimed at substantiating the influence of computerized information systems for accounting and taxation on the formation of high-quality information in the context of globalization and digitalization of economic relations. It is proved that the formation of the information society involves the subordination of economic growth to the qualitative parameters of social and economic development, since further progress will be determined not so much by the production of goods as by the expanded use of information. It is determined that information is a factor of globalization in the information society, so national strategies for economic development of countries of the world should be built on the specifics and main trends of globalization processes, on the grounds of the conception of sustainable development. It is substantiated that the digital economy consists of three main parts, namely: infrastructure development and support, e-business, and e-commerce. It is noted that for the effective functioning and development of each component of the digital economy, a precise accounting and taxation system is needed, which will provide high-quality, reliable and complete information for making managerial decisions. A list of the main directions of development of digital socioeconomic relations in the conditions of global cooperation is proposed. It is determined that the computerized information system of enterprise management is a set of economic-mathematical methods and models, technical, software, technological instruments and solutions, as well as the availability of specialists for information processing and managerial decision-making. The most popular in Ukraine are the integrated corporate information systems «Parus», «Galaxy», «BAS», SAP R/3 (SAP AG), etc., and the correct choice of the type of information system by an enterprise requires a classification of such systems according to the criterion of complexity of the functions and tasks performed at enterprise. It is proved that the use of computerized information systems in accounting and taxation leads to simplification of administration, ensures the preparation of reliable, understandable and comparable financial and management reporting, aligning internal relations between the departments of accounting, economic, control services and increasing the analytical value of information about the financial and economic activities of the enterprise as a whole and its individual important links in particular. Concerning the system of accounting and taxation, it is proposed to allocate several sections of information about the economic activity of the enterprise, which include accounting, analytical, forecast and management information. Each of these information blocks is sensitive to the influence of a certain group of factors, needs to have a number of problems solved, and has reserves to improve the organizational and quality level. The general algorithm of the automated process of accounting and taxation of any business operations through modeling is constructed. The considered problems of computerization of information systems of accounting and taxation and the proposed recommendations for their solution create a basis for continuing research in the direction of improving the methodology and organization of accounting and taxation of economic activity of enterprises in the context of globalization and digitalization of the economy

Communicating the Foreign Policy Strategy: on Instruments and Means of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine

The worldwide practice demonstrates that foreign policy of the states is often directed by a some set of strategic priorities referred to as foreign policy strategy. By communicating this strategy, states declare their intentions and prime concerns, which both aid their internal policy integrity and international perception as a consistent actor. Modern technology and media enable states to conduct systematic outreach or at least sporadically cover of their foreign policy priorities. The purpose of the article is to characterize the problems of application of communication tools in the foreign policy process and determine their role in forming a positive image of Ukraine in the modern world. As the mission of providing of foreign policy is vested in Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, its communication practices and tools are examined. The raised issue involves the consideration of modern aspects of diplomacy and communication relations, including the concepts of public diplomacy, as well as media and digital diplomacy. Their tools and practices have been embraced by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine in order to convey some strategic foreign policy directions and state-branding messages, as the well-rounded foreign policy strategy is absent in Ukraine

Bicyclic Bioisosteres of Piperidine: Version 2.0

1-Azaspiro[3.3]heptanes were synthesized, characterized, and validated biologically in vivo as a new generation of saturated piperidine bioisosteres