Dijagnostička točnost sastojaka mlijeka kod dijagnostike gravidnosti u krava srednje i kasne laktacije

The aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the somatic cell count (SCC) and milk components (fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity and pH) to observe the pregnancy status, and to determine the practical usage of these parameters as diagnostic biomarker of pregnancy status. In the present study, primiparous Holstein cows (n=133) were included in the mid and late lactation. Milk samples were collected in sterile tubes for SCC and milk components analysis. In each lactation period, SCC, milk yield and milk component parameters were analysed by Student\u27s t test according to pregnancy status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the predictive threshold using SCC and milk component parameters to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. SCC levels were similar for all cows in the mid and late-lactation. In the mid lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were higher and milk yield, fat, freezing point and pH were lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). In the late lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were significantly higher and milk yield, fat and pH were significantly lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity, and pH were the best predictors for pregnancy diagnosis in mid-lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.840, 0.768, 0.780, 0.772, 0.693, 0.792, and 0.901 respectively. Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, electrical conductivity, and pH could be useful diagnostic tools for pregnancy determination in late lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.869, 0.684, 0.661, 0.689, 0.756, and 0.841 respectively. In conclusion, the milk components could be used as rapid, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the diagnosis of pregnancy status in primiparous Holstein cows.Ciljevi ove studije bili su utvrditi granične vrijednosti procjenom mogućnosti upotrebe broja somatskih stanica (SCC) i pojedinih fizikalno-kemijskih parametara mlijeka (udio masti, bezmasne suhe tvari (FFDM), proteina, laktoze, točke zamrzavanja, električne vodljivosti i pH) za promatranje statusa gravidnosti kao i u svrhu korištenja navedenih parametara kao bioloških markera u dijagnozi statusa gravidnosti. U ovu su studiju bile uključene prvotelke holstein pasmine (n=133) u srednjoj i kasnoj laktaciji. Uzorci mlijeka sakupljani su u sterilne epruvete za analizu SCC i fizikalno-kemijskih parametara. U svakom razdoblju laktacije, SCC, prinos mlijeka i fizikalno-kemijski parametri analizirani su Student t-testom u odnosu na status gravidnosti. Za određivanje prediktivnog praga korištene su krivulje odnosa specifičnosti i osjetljivosti klasifikatora (ROC), korištenjem SCC i fizikalno-kemijskih parametara mlijeka za razlikovanje gravidnih i negravidnih krava. Za sve krave u srednjoj i kasnoj laktaciji razine SCC bile su slične. Sredinom laktacije, FFDM, udjeli proteina i laktoze te električna vodljivost bili su viši, a prinos mlijeka, udio masti, točka ledišta i pH bili su niži u gravidnih krava (p<0,05). U kasnoj laktaciji, FFDM, udjeli proteina i laktoze te električna vodljivost bili su značajno viši, a prinos mlijeka, udio masti i pH bili su značajno niži u gravidnih krava (p<0,05). Udjeli masti, proteina i laktoze, FFDM, točka ledišta, električna vodljivost i pH bili su najbolji prediktori za dijagnozu gravidnosti kod krava u srednjoj laktaciji s vrijednostima površina ispod ROC krivulje (AUC) 0,840, 0,768, 0,780, 0,772, 0,693, 0,792 i 0,901. Udjeli masti, proteina i laktoze, FFDM, električna vodljivost i pH mogu biti korisni dijagnostički alati za određivanje gravidnosti kod krava u kasnoj laktaciji s AUC vrijednostima 0,869, 0,684, 0,661, 0,689, 0,756 i 0,841. Zaključno, komponente mlijeka mogu se koristiti kao brzi, lako dostupni i jeftini markeri za procjenu dijagnoze statusa gravidnosti kod prvotelki holstein krava

Evcil Hayvanlarda Operasyon Sonrası Rifamisin Nedenli Hayati Hipersensitivite Reaksiyonları: 7 Olgunun Değerlendirilmesi

Drug-induced hypersensitivity and adverse symptoms related to the high mortality remain as a major problem for veterinary practitioners. Although application of Rifamycin SV without intradermal susceptibility tests have been commonly used in wound management in veterinary medicine, there is no literature about this subject. In cases presented here, neoplastic masses on the mammary glands of queens (n=3) and bitches (n=4) were removed by mastectomy. Subcutaneous Rifamycin SV was performed intra- and post-operatively. After the multiple subcutaneous usage of Rifamycin SV, acute symptoms including hypersensitivity reactions such as facial and sublingual swelling, hypersalivation, respiratory distress, tachycardia, acute vomiting, erythema and itchiness around the face, seizures and ataxia developed. In conclusion, although Rifamycin SV provides better healing effects on incision line, veterinary practitioners should consider the serious side effects of subcutaneous Rifamycin SV usage after gynaecological surgeries in companion animals.İlaç nedenli hipersensitivite ve yüksek mortalite ile ilişkili yan etkiler veteriner hekimler için halen büyük bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Her ne kadar veteriner pratikte intradermal duyarlılık testi olmaksızın yara sağaltımında Rifamisin SV uygulaması yaygın şekilde kullanılsa da konuyla ilgili literatür veri bulunmamaktadır. Sunulan olgularda, kedi (n=3) ve köpeklerin (n=4) meme bezlerinde bulunan neoplastik kitleler mastektomi operasyonu ile uzaklaştırıldı. Rifamisin SV’nin subkutanöz uygulaması intra ve post operatif olarak yapıldı. Rifamisin SV’nin multipl subkutanöz kullanımı sonrasında yüz ve dil altında ödem, hipersalivasyon, solunum güçlüğü, taşikardi, akut kusma, yüzde eritem ve kaşıntı, nöbet ve ataksi gibi hipersensitivite reaksiyonlarını içeren akut semptomlar gelişti. Sonuç olarak her ne kadar Rifamisin SV, insizyon hattında daha iyi iyileştirici etki sağlasa da veteriner hekimler özellikle jinekolojik operasyonlar sonrası topikal Rifamisin SV kullanımının şiddetli yan etkilerine karşı dikkatli olmalıdırlar

Impact of prepartum body condition score loss on metabolic status during the transition period and subsequent fertility in Brown Swiss dairy cows

The objectives of this study were to determine the role of a fall in pre-calving body condition score (BCS) in postpartum metabolic status and reproductive outcomes, and gauge the indicativeness of blood metabolites during the transition period