Model nieprawidłowego wzrostu ziarna w materiałach nanokrystalicznych oparty o siłę pędną Zenera

Abnormal grain growth of a matrix in which normal grain growth has stagnated due to the presence of fine incoherent ceramic particles is studied. A balance between driving and retarding forces is used as the criteria for estimating the steady state. Random and non-random approaches are applied for coarse and nano-grained structure respectively.Badano nieprawidłowy wzrost ziaren w materiale, w którym prawidłowy wzrost ziaren został zahamowany z powodu obecności drobnych cząsteczek ceramicznych. Równowaga pomiędzy siłami pędną i opóżniającą zostały przyjęte jako kryterium oszacowania stanu równowagi. Zastosowano przypadkowe i nieprzypadkowe podejście odpowiednio do struktury grubo i drobnoziarnistej

The Comparison of the Risk Factors in the Term and Preterm Delivery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Premature delivery is the presence of progressive uterine contractions before reaching 37 weeks of pregnancy. Since it is associated with perinatal complications and high costs, this study aimed to study the risk factors for premature delivery. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 377 pregnant women with preterm labor (23-37 weeks) and 423 pregnant women of term delivery referring to Ayatollah Rohani Hospital of Babol city, Iran. We extracted and investigated the subjects&rsquo; demographic data, history of infertility, smoking habits, use of drugs, fast food consumption, history or presence of maternal illnesses and surgery, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), embryonic anomalies, premature rupture of membranes, vaginal bleeding as well as the neonatal data. FINDINGS: As observed in the two groups of preterm and term delivery respectively, there was employment during pregnancy in 83 (22%) and 51 (12%) cases, a history of preterm labor in 41 (10.9%) versus 21 (5%) cases, bleeding during the first trimester in 118 (31.3%) versus 61 (14.4%) cases, fast food consumption in 34 (9%) versus 14 (3.3%) cases, UTI in 150 (39.8%) versus 111 (26.2%) cases, anemia in 62 (16.4%) versus 29 (6.9%) cases, hypertension in 72 (19.1%) versus 13 (3.1%) cases and finally, smoking habits in 22 (5.8%) versus 5 (1.2%) subjects. There was a statistically significant association between the aforementioned variables (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the most significant risk factors for premature delivery could be managed and controlle

Antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles conjugated by aminoglycosides against A. baumannii isolates from burn patients

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Today, resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, and notably to the beta-lactam and aminoglycosides in A. baumannii is becoming great problem and it's necessitate to make new approach to combat with multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensive drug-resistance (XDR) or Pandrug-resistant (PDR) isolates. In this case new strategy and ways should be designed and introduce against such infections. Therefore the aim of present study was evaluation of antibacterial activity of nanoconjugate gentamicin and amikacin with gold against clinical isolates of A. baumannii that collected from burn wound infection. METHODS: Eighteen A. baumannii collected from burn wound infections. For confirmation and detection of aminoglycoside resistant genes PCR carried out. Gold nanoparticles and nanoconjugates prepared according to protocol. For evaluation of the nanoconjugate, Dynamic light cattering, Transmission electron microscopy and FTIR Analysis were carried out. Then, the antibacterial activity of nanoconjugates were done by using micro broth dilution method, Result: prevalence of aminoglycoside resistant genes were aacC1, aphA6, aadA1, aadB genes 55.5, 22.2, 38.8 and 22.2 respectively. Synthesis of bare nanoconjugates resulted nanoparticle in a size 10 nm. Amikacin bound to Gnps showed excellent antibacterial activity (94.5) and just one isolate was intermediate resistance. Also gentamicin bound to GNPS have good antimicrobial effect (50) contrast to gentamicin alone. CONCLUSION: our study showed that a combination of amikacin and gentamicin with Gnps has a significant antibacterial efficiency against clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Gnps can be used as extraordinary molecular carriers for the targeting, and delivery the of antibiotic molecules to the specific infection

A Comparison of Serum Magnesium Level in Pregnant Women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intracellular magnesium is a cofactor for several enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of magnesium as an effective and an underlying factor in disrupted glucose metabolism among pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: This cross-sectional was conducted among 24-32 weeks pregnant women admitted to gynecology clinic of Ayatollah Rohani Hospital in Babol. Patients were divided into four groups: healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with overt diabetes. The demographic information was gathered using a questionnaire and the serum level, magnesium RBC and the fasting blood sugar were measured by laboratory methods and were compared between the four groups. FINDINGS: 399 patients with mean age of 26.53&plusmn;5.54 participated in this study. Overall, mean serum magnesium level was 1.71&plusmn;0.12 mg/dL and magnesium level in RBC was 4.88&plusmn;0.29 mg/dL. The mean serum magnesium level was 1.73&plusmn;0.10 in healthy pregnant women, 1.73&plusmn;0.12 in pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, 1.71&plusmn;0.13 in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 1.64&plusmn;0.15 in pregnant women with overt diabetes and there was a significant difference between the four groups (p=0.001). The result regarding RBC magnesium level was found to be 5.12&plusmn;0.18, 4.81&plusmn;0.23, 4.77&plusmn;0.24 and 4.66&plusmn;0.38 in healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with overt diabetes, respectively, which was significant (p=0.001). Serum level and RBC magnesium in diabetic women was less than non-diabetic women. CONCLUSION: Results of the study demonstrated that magnesium could be an effective and an underlying factor in identification of disrupted glucose metabolism in pregnant women