The effect of processed soy bean meal (SPH) on growth and body composition of juvenile fish Acipenser baerii

The effect of soy bean concentrate (SPH) was evaluated on growth index and body composition of Siberian Sturgeon (A. baerii) for 8 weeks. A total of 120 Acipenser baerii juveniles (initial body weight 186.44 ±31.3gr mean ±SD) (4 treatment) were reared in 12 fiberglass tanks and fed to the saturation with four experimental diets in which fish meal was replaced by SPH at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% namely SPH0 ,SPH10, SPH20 and SPH30, respectively. Biometry was carried out monthly. At the end of experiment, 30% of total fish killed and transported to laboratory for determination of body composition. Result showed no significant differences in final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FCR) of fish fed SPH20 and SPH30 compared to control diet. In addition, body protein and lipid were increased by increasing of soy bean concentrate in diets. The highest body protein and lipid were recorded in fish fed SPH20. Result of this investigation showed that soy bean concentrate was potentially suitable for fish meal replacement in diets of Acipenser baerii

Ameliorative effect of lithium chloride on working and spatial memory deficit in a PTZ-induced seizure model

Background: The repetitive seizure attacks lead to widespread neuronal damage and cognitive deficit, e.g. memory and learning impairment. The single or repeated administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) can induce seizure in rat. This study evaluates the neuroprotective effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on PTZ-induced working and spatial memory deficit. Materials and Methods: To induce the PTZ-kindling model, repeated doses of PTZ (40mg/kg/BW/ip) were injected for 5 consecutive days. After observing five stages of seizure, the PTZ+Li20, PTZ+Li40 and PTZ+Li80 groups received 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/BW of LiCl, respectively and the PTZ+Saline group, received Saline for 14 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) and Y maze tests were conducted in order to investigate the spatial and working memory. Results: Compared to Control group, the PTZ+Saline group showed a decrease in alteration behavior in Y maze and an increase in latency time and distance to hidden platform in MWM. LiCl-treated rats, especially in the lowest dose, showed a significant higher alteration behavior in Y maze and the lower latency time and distance to hidden platform in MWM than the PTZ+Saline group. Conclusion: The neuroprotective effects of LiCl can ameliorate the spatial and working memory impairment in a PTZ-kindling model

Influence of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth rate, feed conversion ratio and chemical composition of carcass, fillet and liver in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth rate, feed conversion ratio and chemical composition of carcass, fillet and liver in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). As in Treatments one (F), two (S1), three (S2), four (S3) and five (S4) 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent of fish meal was replaced with soybean meal, respectively. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets formulated containing 44 percent crude proteins and 4374 Kcal gross energy kg-1 diet. Individual body weights of fish were measured every three week. Fish were sampled randomly from each treatment for whole body, fillet and liver proximate analysis. Based on the results, weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) had significant difference among the treatments (P0.05). Significant differences were found in fillet lipid content (P0.05). Liver proximate composition of fish did not significant difference (P>0.05)

Bioaccumulation of copper nanoparticle in gill, liver, intestine and muscle of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juvenile

Copper (Cu) is an essential element required by all living organisms, since at least 30 enzymes are known to use Cu as a cofactor. Cu is also toxic in excess and liver and gills are known to be target organs for it. In the present study, 240 Siberian sturgeon juvenile (with initial weight 29.2 ± 3.1 g and initial length 21.8 ± 1.4 cm) were randomly distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks at 4 different copper nanoparticle (Cu-NPs) treatments with 3 replicates. Treatments included control (T0 = no added Cu-NPs), 50 (T50), 100 (T100), 200 (T200) µg.l -1 Cu-NPs (mean primary particle size of 2 - 6 nm) in a semi-static waterborne exposure regime. Water exchanged were 20% daily with redosing after each change. The experimental period lasted 28 days, 14 days exposure to Cu-NPs and 14 days as recovery time. Fish liver, gill, intestine and muscle were sampled at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Samples were weighed, dried (100 ◦C for 48 h) then digested in concentrated nitric acid in a water bath, cooled, and analyzed for Cu concentration in the tissues with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscope. Most of the Cu-NPs were accumulated in the intestine, gill, liver and muscle. The accumulation of NPs in tissues was increased in all treatments from day 7 through 14. In the recovery period, Cu-NPs in tissues decreased but it was still higher than the control treatment. The current findings indicate that preventing the entry of Cu-NPs into the aquatic environment would seem to be essential

Utilization of corn gluten meal as a protein source in great sturgeon (Huso huso) diets in growth up stage

The utilization of corn gluten meal (CGM) was evaluated as a replacement for fish meal (FM) in practical diets for beluga Huso huso in growth up stage. Four experimental diets (isonitrogenus and isocaloric , 40 % protein and 18 kj/ g diet) were formulated. Fish meal was replaced by CGM at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% being named as CGM0, CGM20, CGM40 and CGM60, respectively. Fingerlings great sturgeon with an initial body weight of ± 78.876.94gr (mean ±SD) were reared in 12 fiberglass tanks and fed with diets for10 weeks at 20.00± 2 oC. At the end of experiment, growth performance (final weight, body increase weight, specific growth rate) of fish fed CGM20 and CGM40 were significantly higher than fish fed control diet, While feed conversion ratio were lower than fish fed CGM40 and CGM60 compared with control diet. There were not significant difference in condition factor, protein efficiency ratio and body protein in different experimental groups , but body lipid increased as dietary gluten meal increased (P<0.05). Different levels of corn gluten meal did no significantly affect Aspartat amino transferas (AST), Alanin amino transferas (ALT) and Triglyceride, but amount of cholesterol in fish fed diets CGM40 and CGM 60 were significantly lower than control diet (P<0.05). The present study revealed that CGM is a suitable source as replacement with fish meal and might be included in great sturgeon commercial diet up to 60 % with no adverse effect on nutrition efficiency, liver enzymes and biochemical parameters

Primary culture of ovarian follicular cells of Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus to develop an in vitro system

The aim of the present study was to develop an in vitro system for functional investigation of ovarian follicular cells in Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. Oocytes for the primary culture were obtained from the ovaries of a 6 years old Sterlet 729 g in weight and 47 cm in total length. The oocytes were in advanced vitellogenesis stage (PI >10). A part of the ovary (containing about 300 follicles) was removed, ovarian follicles isolated by manually removing those from the interstitial tissue and washed with sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing antibiotics and Amphotericin B. Follicular cells were separated by treating oocytes with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA in Ca2+ and Mg2+ free PBS and cultured in medium L-15 supplemented with 20% FBS, streptomycin sulphate (Gibco, 100 mg.ml-1), penicillin G potassium (Gibco, 100 IU.ml-1) and Amphotericin B (Gibco, 2.5 mg.ml-1) at 22 °C. The concentrations of Testosterone (T), Estradiol-17β (E2), Progesterone (P4) and 17α-hydroxyprogestron (17αOHP) in the medium were measured at days 3, 5 & 7 by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. According to the results, the ovarian follicular cells of Sterlet proliferated in L-15 medium were steroidogenically active as expressed by the secretion of T, E2, P4 & 17αOHP. Testosterone was the dominant hormone secreted by cultivated follicular cells, which was correlated closely with the end of vitellogenesis in the isolated oocytes. Decrease in production of these hormones was greater at days 3 & 4 in comparison with those at days 5 & 6. By successfully culturing ovarian follicular cells of Sterlet in L-15 culture medium, an in vitro system was developed which enables functional studies to be carried out similar to the in vivo situation in the ovarian follicles

Utilization of poultry by product meal as an alternative protein source for Huso huso within growth period

With regard to increasing the fish meal price, utilization of hygienic and analyzed poultry by product meal as an alternative protein source in diets for Huso huso within growth period were investigated. Six test diets isonitrogenous and isocaleric (contain 42% protein and 20 Mj kg-1 energy) were prepared. Fish meal was substituted by poultry by product at 20% (PBM20), 40% (PBM40), 60% (PBM60), 80% (PBM80) and 100% (PBM100) in base diet, respectively. A total of 180 Huso huso with average (±SD) weight of 107.89±5.9gr were stocked in 18 fiberglass tanks (Voloum:2000 lit,Temperature:20±2C 0) and fed satiation to 18 weeks. No significant differences were detected between final weight (FW),weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed (PBM0), (PBM20), (PBM40), (PBM60) and (PBM80) respectively. The Highest protein belonged to fish fed PBM20 (%16.97±0.36) with significant difference with PBM40 (% 15.41 ± 0.67), respectively. Body lipid fish fed PBM80 and PBM100 (%6.63±0.016) (%7.49±0.17) were significantly lower than other treatments. The Synchronic hepatosomatic index increased with increasing poultry by product in diets and highest rate were found in fish fed PBM 100 , but except PBM20, visceral index in fish fed other treatments was same. The result showed that up to 80% fish meal could be replaced by poultry by product with no adverse effect on growth and feed conversion ratio for Huso huso within growth period

Appropriateness of angiography for suspected coronary artery disease

The aim of this study was to assess the appropriate use of diagnostic catheterizations (DC) for the patients with suspected coronary artery disease performed in Iran. The Electronic Health Record System database and manual review of files were utilised to collect data between 2012 and 2014. Patients were categorized in three groups as appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate usage of DC and the logistic regression was used to investigate the relationships between variables. One-quarter of the 2458 angiographies were rated as inappropriate, out of which 99 had no previous stress test. The rate of inappropriate DC between various hospitals were approximately the same. The regression showed that some risk factors (Sex, high cholesterol, smoking, chronic heart failure, renal failure, diabetes) were significantly associated with inappropriate rate. © 2021 Cardiological Society of Indi

Effects of different oxygen level on growth and muscle composition in two weight groups of great surgeon Huso huso

The aim of the present study was to evaluate water oxygen concentration on growth and muscle composition of great sturgeon, Huso huso, in two weight groups (initial weight 280.9±49.2 and 1217.9±138.1). Oxygen treatments including hypoxia (2-3 mg/l), normoxia (5-6 mg/l) and hyperoxia (9-10 mg/l) were prepared by adjusting inflowing water and utilizing equipments for providing hyperoxygenation (pure oxygen injected). Fish were acclimated to experimental tank for one week, then each group were randomly distributed in 9 tanks (3 fish per tank in higher weight group and 6 fish per tank for lower one) for 8 weeks and then growth parameters were determined. There were significant differences between treatments for Wt, WG, BWI, FI and SGR in both groups and CF in higher weight group (P0.05) but wet and fat showed significant differences between treatments in higher weight group(P<0.05). Results indicate thathigh oxygen level has a direct effecton growth performance of great sturgeon, so it is recommended for great sturgeon

Physiological and morphological response to short-term starvation and re-feeding in sub-yearling siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1896): effects of compensatory growth

In this study, the capacity of Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii with mean weight 19.3±0.4 g to face short-term starvation and subsequent re-feeding was assessed for a 40-day period. To investigate, the effect of compensatory growth on some physiological response (plasma cortisol, thyroid hormones, glucose, protein, cholesterol and triglyceride) and morphological (total body weight and length, condition factor, hepato-somatic index, vicero-somatic index and digestive-somatic index) in Siberian sturgeon four different feeding regimes were established. Control group fed four times daily to apparent satiation; SRF1: 2 days starvation and 8 days refeeding; SRF2: 4 days starvation and 16 days refeeding; SRF3: 8 days starvation and 32 days refeeding were experienced. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected to analyze biochemical parameters. Plasma cortisol and thyroxin (T_4) hormones levels were not significantly different between control and food deprived groups at the end of experiment (P>0.05) but plasma tri-iodothyronin (T_3) levels were lower in the starved groups compared to control animals, but this decreases only in S1 group was significant (P0.05). Moreover, at the measured morphometric indices were not observed significantly different between the control and starved groups (P>0.05). The results suggest that Siberian sturgeon has the physiologic and metabolic adjustment ability to shortterm starvation and return to basal level after re-feeding