Investigating persistent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR)technique efficiency for landslides mapping: a casestudy in Artvin dam area, in Turkey

Monitoring and determining landslides in dam reservoirs is very crucial as it is one of the main factors of dam failures in the world. Coruh river basin is one of the most important river basin in the Northeast part of Turkey which accompanies five big dams. Although persistent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) method is a powerful remote sensing technique which can measure and monitor displacements of the Earth’s surface over time, its validation is a challenging issue because of the heterogeneous PS data. In this study, the efficiency of PSInSAR is investigated by proposing two different validation methods in order to see the consistency of the determined mean deformation velocities obtained with series of Sentinel-1A SAR-images. In the first method, 3D coordinates of reference points are projected to 1D displacement values in line of sight direction and then compared with the radar displacements of PS points. In the second method, new displacement values of PS points around reference points are identified from an interpolation map in order to be compared with the original displacements of reference points. In the end, it is showed that the displacements found by PSInSAR method are consistent with the reference points’ displacements measured in the study area. Finally, this work’s specific objectives are to present solutions to the challenging validation problem, to show the effectiveness of PSInSAR method and to describe the remaining challenges in PS analysis of landslide applications in dam areas

Analysıs of the relationship between attachment styles and internet addiction levels of adolescents

Ergenlik dönemi, üzerinde en çok durulan ve araştırma yapılan gelişim dönemlerinden biridir ve bu dönemde yaşanacak duygusal zorlanmaların, beraberinde bazı davranışsal sorunları getireceği söylenebilir. Ergenlik döneminde kurulacak duygusal ilişkiler dönemin seyri üzerinde oldukça etkilidir. Anlamlı duygusal bağlar kurma eğilimi olarak tanımlanan bağlanma davranışının bu dönemde yaşanacak duygusal ilişkileri önemli ölçüde etkileyebileceği söylenebilir. Duygusal sorunların bağımlılıklara yatkınlık oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı da duygusal ilişkiler üzerinde etkili olan bağlanma stilleri ile internet bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın verileri 2019 yılın içerisinde toplanmıştır. Veriler çeşitli liselerde öğrenim gören 316 lise öğrencisinden elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %50 si kadın, %50’si erkektir, çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 16,02 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu, İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi ve Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 23 programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler bağlanma stilleri ile internet bağımlılığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırmada ergenlerin bağlanma stilleri cinsiyet, anne-baba eğitim düzeyi, okul türü açısından da incelenmişti. Ergenlerin kayıtsız bağlanma stillerinini cinsiyet açısından farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi açısından yapılan analizler sonucunda baba eğitim düzeyine göre güvenli ve kayıtsız bağlanma stillerinin, anne eğitim düzeyi açısından ise kayıtsız bağlanma stillerinin farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Okul türü değişkenine yönelik yapılan analizler sonucunda kayıtsız ve saplantılı bağlanma stilleri açısından anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştirAdolescence is one of the most emphasizedand researched development periodsand it can be said that emotional difficulties that are experienced in this period will bring some behavioral problems. The emotional relationships to be established in this period are quite effective on the course of the period. It can be said that attachment behavior, which is defined as the tendency to establish meaningful emotional bonds, can significantly affect the emotional relations to be experienced in this period. Emotional problems are known to predisposeto addictions. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between attachment styles that affect emotional relationships and internet addiction. The data of the research were collected in 2019. The data were obtained from 316 high school student sstudying in various high schools. (Kadın=158 (%50; 16,06); Erkek=158 (%50; 15,98). Personal data form, attachment styles scale and Young İnternet Addiction Scale Short Form were used as data collection tools. SPSS 23 program was used in the analysis of the data. Analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between attachment styles and internet addiction. In the study, attachment styles of adolescents were also examined in terms of demographic variables. It was observed that the dismissive-avoidant attachment styles of adolescents differ in terms of the gender variable. As a result of the analyzes performed towards parents' educational level, it was found that the secure and dismissiveavoidant attachment styles differ according to the father's educational level and the dismissive-avoidant attachment styles differ in terms of the mother's educational level. As a result of the analyzes performed towards the school type variable, it was determined that there were significant differences in terms of dismissive-avoidant and preoccupied attachment style

Correlation of suicidal thoughts and toxoplasmosis in patients with depression

Objective We investigated the correlation between serum anti-Toxplasma gondii IgG and suicidal thoughts in depressive patients. Methods Depressive patients with (n = 100) and without (n = 100) suicidal thoughts along with 100 healthy control subjects were recruited for this study. In all three groups, a semi-structured clinical interview form called Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) Axis-I Disorder (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), suicidal behavior scale, and a sociodemographic data form were completed. Sera from all participants were taken, and anti-toxoplasma IgG was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)-Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay. Statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results The serum anti-toxoplasma IgG levels of patients with suicidal thoughts were significantly higher than those without suicidal thoughts and the controls, which were 80.04 +/- 40.66, 78 +/- 14.82, and 19.98 +/- 14.65, respectively, p < 0.001. There was no correlation between toxoplasma IgG and HAMD score in patients lacking suicidal thoughts (r = -0.112, p = 0.463). Conclusion This study shows a correlation between seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and depression with suicidal thoughts

Foliar-applied glyphosate substantially reduced uptake and transport of iron and manganese in sunflower (helianthus annuus L.) plants

Evidence clearly shows that cationic micronutrients in spray solutions reduce the herbicidal effectiveness of glyphosate for weed control due to the formation of metal-glyphosate complexes. The formation of these glyphosate-metal complexes in plant tissue may also impair micronutrient nutrition of nontarget plants when exposed to glyphosate drift or glyphosate residues in soil. In the present study, the effects of simulated glyphosate drift on plant growth and uptake, translocation, and accumulation (tissue concentration) of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were investigated in sunflower ( Helianthus annuusL.) plants grown in nutrient solution under controlled environmental conditions. Glyphosate was sprayed on plant shoots at different rates between 1.25 and 6.0% of the recommended dosage (i.e., 0.39 and 1.89 mM glyphosate isopropylamine salt). Glyphosate applications significantly decreased root and shoot dry matter production and chlorophyll concentrations of young leaves and shoot tips. The basal parts of the youngest leaves and shoot tips were severely chlorotic. These effects became apparent within 48 h after the glyphosate spray. Glyphosate also caused substantial decreases in leaf concentration of Fe and Mn while the concentration of Zn and Cu was less affected. In short-term uptake experiments with radiolabeled Fe (59Fe), Mn (54Mn), and Zn (65Zn), root uptake of 59Fe and 54Mn was significantly reduced in 12 and 24 h after application of 6% of the recommended dosage of glyphosate, respectively. Glyphosate resulted in almost complete inhibition of root-to-shoot translocation of 59Fe within 12 h and 54Mn within 24 h after application. These results suggest that glyphosate residues or drift may result in severe impairments in Fe and Mn nutrition of nontarget plants, possibly due to the formation of poorly soluble glyphosate-metal complexes in plant tissues and/or rhizosphere interactions

The relationship between oxytocin, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide levels and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxytocin (OXT), vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels and cognitive functions in schzophrenia as well as to compare the findings to those in healthy controls. Method: Patients with chronic schizophrenia and (n=63) healthy controls (n=60) were evaluated with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (VLT), the Trail Making Test A-B (TMT), the Stroop Test, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Visual Production Subscale (WMS-V) and the Facial Emotion Recognition Tests. Blood samples were analysed by using ELISA. In the data analysis, the percentage distributions of the variables were obtained, the centrality and prevalence measures (mean, standard deviation) were calculated for the continuous variables, and the dependent and independent variables were evaluated using the chi-square test, the Student's t-test, and the Pearson correlation test. High score variables were determined by principal component analysis. For comparisons between groups; MANOVA applied. Results: Serum OXT, AVP and ANP levels did not differ between the groups. In the healthy control group, subscales of the Stroop, WMS-V and TMT-B tests showed better scores and correlated with levels of OXT (p < .05). In the healthy controls, ANP levels and social cognition had a relationship with response times to happy facial expressions (p < .05). The correlations of OXT, AVP and ANP with the social and cognitive parameters were different between the control group and the schizophrenia group (p < .05). Conclusion: The different correlations in the healthy controls and schizophrenia group suggest deteriorations in the interactions and functions of hormones in patients and highlights the need for new investigations into different neurodegenerative illness samples

Depressive Temperament in Relatives of Patients with Schizophrenia Is Associated with Suicidality in Patients with Schizophrenia

Conclusion: Suicidality in schizophrenia is related with relatives' affective temperaments and patients' own positive symptom scores. The relationship between suicidal thoughts and depressive temperament is high lightened in this stud

The Impact of Multiple Viral Infection in Children with Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Aim:We aimed to compare the clinical features and outcomes between single and multiple viral pathogens in children with severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Materials and Methods:This study was conducted retrospectively in patients who were admitted to a PICU between March, 2018 and March, 2020. The subjects were divided into two groups, single viral infection and multiple viral infection. The epidemiologic characteristics, clinical features, disease severity and outcomes were compared between these single and multiple viral infection groups.Results:During this study period, positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were carried out on 136 (29%) children among the 468 children admitted to the PICU with the diagnosis of LRTI. Rhinovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) were the most commonly identified viruses (44.1% and 35.2%, respectively). Two viruses were detected in thirty-nine (28.6%) of samples via PCR tests. Rhinovirus and RSV co-infection was the most common combination (10/39, 25.6%) in our cohort. The multiple viral infection group had higher PRISM scores than the single virus infection group (10 vs. 7, respectively, p=0.009). In the multiple viral infection group, the invasive ventilatory support rate (56.4% vs 36.1%, p=0.030) and the non-invasive ventilatory (NIV) support rate (43.5% vs 6.1%, p=0.018) were significantly higher than in the single viral infection group.Conclusion:Lower respiratory multi-viral infections are associated with increased invasive and NIV support requirements. Close monitoring in a unit where support can be provided is essential for those infants with multi-viral LRTIs

Atrial natriuretic peptide and posterior pituitary neurohormone changes in patients with acute schizophrenia

Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that the AVP level was higher, but OXT and ANP levels were lower in the patients having acute schizophrenia. Specifically OXT is related with reduced disease severity and increased functionality

Recent scoring systems predicting stone-free status after retrograde intrarenal surgery; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Several scoring systems and nomograms have been developed to predict the success of retrograde intrarenal surgery. But no meta-analysis for the performance of scoring systems has yet been performed. The aim of this study was to compare predictive ability of recent scoring systems for stone-free rate of retrograde intrarenal surgery. Materials and methods PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched systematically between April and May 2021. The scoring systems which were validated externally or studied at least by two different researcher groups were selected for further analysis. Of 59 records, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 4137). Area under curve (AUC) values of selected scoring systems were pooled in random or fixed effects. Thertest was used to quantify heterogeneity. Results Eight, 5, 8, 4 and 3 studies included in meta-analyses for the modified Seoul National University Renal Stone Complexity Score (S-ReSC), R.I.R.S., Resorlu-Unsal Score (RUS), S.T.O.N.E., and Ito's Nomogram, respectively. We found pooled AUC values 0.709 (95% CI 0.670-0.748), 0.704 (95% CI 0.668-0.739), 0.669 (95% CI 0.646 to 0.692), and 0.771 (95% CI 0.724 to 0.818), for first four of them, respectively. Heterogeneity was very high to pool AUC values for Ito's nomogram. Conclusions Although S.T.O.N.E. score showed higer pooled AUC value, this systematic review and meta-analysis has not revealed superiority of any scoring system. High heterogeneity between studies and dependencies between scoring systems make it difficult to design a comparative statistical model to generalize the findings. Also, limitations aside, neither scoring system has demonstrated good predictive/discriminative performance