Parents’ Involvement and Self-determination in Junior High School Students’ Club Decision Making and its Effect on the Independence and Adaptability of University Students

本研究の目的は，中学時代の部活選択における親の関与と自己決定のあり方が，大学入学後の自立や適応にどう関連するかを明らかにすることである。大学生に質問紙調査を実施し，180 名からデータを得た（男性70 名，女性110 名）。分析の結果，中学部活選択における親の関与は，大学時の親への依存の高さ，精神的自立の一要素である判断責任性の低さと関連することが示された。また，大学生活満足度については自己決定と性別の交互作用が認められ，女性の場合に自己決定が高いと大学生活満足度が高いことが示された。以上の結果より，中学の部活選択が，時間を経た大学時における自立や適応に関連している可能性が示された。中学から大学にかけては，親子関係が変化していく心理的離乳の時期に当たり，その初期である中学時点において，親が関与しすぎず，親子関係の変化に対応していくことが，その後の大学時点での自立に重要である可能性が示唆された。university life. In conclusion, junior high school students’ club decision making related to their level of independence and adaptability to university life despite the passage of time between the two stages. During junior high school, an early stage of psychological weaning, it is important that parents limit their decisionmaking involveme nt and focus on building lasting rel ationships

Classification of Peer Conflict in Elementary School and Efficacy of Mediation as Resolution Strategy

子どものいざこざは一般的には起こらないほうがよいと考えられている。他方で，子どもの社会性の発達を促すポジティブな面も指摘されている。本研究では小学校におけるいざこざの実態を調べ，有効な教師の介入解決方略を明らかにすることを目的とした。研究1では，教育実習を終えた大学生126名に質問紙調査を実施し，いざこざの内容を分類した結果，7種が見出された。研究2では，小学校の学級担任93名に，7種のいざこざ場面のシナリオを提示し，どのような介入解決方略をとるか尋ねた結果，ミディエーション（双方の子どもから話を聴き，子どもから解決策を引き出す方略）が，7つのうち5つの場面で最も多くとられていた。研究3では，経験豊富な管理職39名に，より解決が難しい3場面での介入解決方略について尋ねたところ，全ての場面でミディエーションが最も多かった。以上の結果から，小学校における教師のミディエーションの有効性について論じた

Preliminary report of "Arctic Airborne Measurement Program 2002" (AAMP02)

The Arctic Airborne Measurement Program 2002(AAMP 02) campaign was carried out in March 2002 as one of the sub programs of the project Variations of atmospheric constituents and their climate impact in the Arctic". The main goal of the project was to investigate the transport, transformation and radiative effect of trace gases and aerosols, and their role in the global climate. An instrumented jet plane, Gulfstream II(G-II), was flown from Nagoya, Japan via Barrow, Alaska to Longyearbyen(78°N , 15°E ), Svalbard, crossing the Arctic Ocean in the lower stratospher. Three local flights were made over the Greenland Sea around Svalbard and two profile flights near Barrow. The plane was equipped with CO_2 and ozone analyzers, gas and aerosol sampling systems, aerosol particle counter, nephelometer, absorption photometer, PMS particle probes, sunphotometer, dew point hygrometer and dropsonde system. During the campaign, intensitive surface operations were also conducted at Ny-Ålesund(79°N , 12°E ), Svalbard. Vertical profiles of several trace gases gave information about transport, a new observation by sunphotometer derived an aerosol optical depth in the stratosphere, and another new observation by dropsonde gave information on the polar vortex

NF-κB-induced NOX1 activation promotes gastric tumorigenesis through the expansion of SOX2-positive epithelial cells

金沢大学ナノ生命科学研究所We previously showed that NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1), a component of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), is a TNF-α-induced tumor-promoting factor in gastric tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of NOX1-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling for the gastric tumorigenesis has not been understood. Here, we showed that expression of NOX1 complex components, including Noxo1, but not other NOX family members was significantly upregulated in both mouse models for gastritis and gastric tumors, which was associated with increased ROS levels. We also found that NF-κB directly regulated NOXO1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated gastric cancer cells, suggesting that inflammation induces NOX1 complex activation through TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. Notably, in situ hybridization indicated that Noxo1 mRNA was detected in proliferating cells of gastritis and gastric tumors, and pharmacological inhibition of NOX activity significantly suppressed the proliferation of MKN45 gastric cancer cells and gastric hyperplasia of K19-C2mE mice. These results suggest that NOX1/ROS signaling has an important role in increased proliferation of stomach epithelial cells in the inflamed mucosa. Moreover, we found that expression of SOX2, a marker of gastric epithelial stem cells, was increased by NOX1/ROS signaling. Furthermore, disruption of Noxo1 in K19-C2mE mice significantly suppressed gastritis-associated metaplastic hyperplasia, a potent preneoplastic lesion, which was associated with decreased number of SOX2-positive cells. These results indicate that inflammation-induced Noxo1 expression is responsible for development of metaplastic hyperplasia in the stomach through an increase in SOX2-expressing undifferentiated epithelial cells. Therefore, inhibition of the NOX1/ROS signaling pathway is a possible strategy for prevention and therapy for gastric cancer development. © 2019, The Author(s).Embargo Period 6 month

Anti-NXP2 autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Possible association with malignancy

Objectives: Myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) are useful tools for identifying clinically homogeneous subsets and predicting prognosis of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) including polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Recent studies have shown that anti-NXP2 antibody (Ab) is a major MSA in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). In this study the frequencies and clinical associations of anti-NXP2 Ab were evaluated in adult patients with IIM. Methods: Clinical data and serum samples were collected from 507 adult Japanese patients with IIM (445 with DM and 62 with PM). Eleven patients with JDM, 108 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 433 with systemic sclerosis and 124 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were assessed as disease controls. Serum was examined for anti-NXP2 Ab by immunoprecipitation and western blotting using polyclonal anti-NXP2 Ab. Results: Seven patients (1.6%) with adult DM and one (1.6%) with adult PM were positive for anti-NXP2 Ab. Except for two patients with JDM, none of the disease controls were positive for this autoantibody. Among eight adult patients with IIM, three had internal malignancies within 3 years of diagnosis of IIM. Another patient with DM also had a metastatic cancer at the diagnosis. All of the carcinomas were at an advanced stage (stage IIIb-IV). Conclusions: While less common than in juvenile IIM, anti-NXP2 Ab was found in adult IIM. Anti-NXP2 Ab may be associated with adult IIM with malignancy

Insight into the Regulation of Glycan Synthesis in Drosophila Chaoptin Based on Mass Spectrometry

BACKGROUND: A variety of N-glycans attached to protein are known to involve in many important biological functions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi localized enzymes are responsible to this template-independent glycan synthesis resulting glycoforms at each asparagine residues. The regulation mechanism such glycan synthesis remains largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In order to investigate the relationship between glycan structure and protein conformation, we analyzed a glycoprotein of Drosophila melanogaster, chaoptin (Chp), which is localized in photoreceptor cells and is bound to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Detailed analysis based on mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 13 N-glycosylation sites and the composition of the glycoform at each site. The synthetic pathway of glycans was speculated from the observed glycan structures and the composition at each N-glycosylation site, where the presence of novel routes were suggested. The distribution of glycoforms on a Chp polypeptide suggested that various processing enzymes act on the exterior of Chp in the Golgi apparatus, although virtually no enzyme can gain access to the interior of the horseshoe-shaped scaffold, hence explaining the presence of longer glycans within the interior. Furthermore, analysis of Chp from a mutant (RNAi against dolichyl-phosphate alpha-d-mannosyltransferase), which affects N-glycan synthesis in the ER, revealed that truncated glycan structures were processed. As a result, the distribution of glycoforms was affected for the high-mannose-type glycans only, whereas other types of glycans remained similar to those observed in the control and wild-type. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that glycan processing depends largely on the backbone structure of the parent polypeptide. The information we obtained can be applied to other members of the LRR family of proteins

ニンシンキ ニ オケル ボシ ノ セッショク ト シテノ タイドウ : タイドウ ニッキ ニ オケル タイドウ オ アラワス オノマトペ ノ ブンセキ カラ

妊婦が胎動をどのような感覚としてとらえているか。本研究では,胎動そのものの変化に対して,妊婦がどのような感受性を示すかを検討する。妊婦の胎動への感受性の指標として,妊娠中に記録された胎動日記において,胎動を表現するために用いられたオノマトペに着目した。妊婦38 名から得られた胎動日記1032 を分析した結果,妊娠期には,実にさまざまなオノマトペが用いられていることがわかった。オノマトペに用いる音が豊富であり,語基の変形だけでなく,臨時のオノマトペの使用も認められた。また,胎動を表すオノマトペと胎児への意味づけとの関連について週齢変化を検討した結果,3 つの時期に整理することができた。第一期(～ 28 週)は胎動のオノマトペが多様性を帯び,第三期(35 ～ 40 週)に向けて,オノマトペの多様性より,胎児への意味づけの多様性が増すように変化することを見いだした。最後に,母子の身体接触としての胎動という観点から考察した。How sense does a pregnant woman have at fetal movement? The present study examined how pregnant women (N=38) described fetal movement in order to consider women\u27s perceptions of relationships with their fetuses. Especially, it focused on how onomatopoeia they use to express their sense at fetal movement. Participants kept a pregnancy diary about fetal movement. Analysis of the 1032 diary entries found out that pregnant women used very different kinds of idiomatic onomatopoeia, and also produced temporary onomatopoeia. Further, it also found out that in each of three periods (e.g., before 28th week, 29th – 34th week, and 35th – 40th week), pregnant women used different onomatopoeia for fetal movement. Finally, this paper discussed the meaning of the fetal movement as touch between fetus and mother