Updated S2 K guidelines for the management of bullous pemphigoid initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV).

BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. This disease typically affects the elderly and presents with itch and localized or, most frequently, generalized bullous lesions. A subset of patients only develops excoriations, prurigo-like lesions, and eczematous and/or urticarial erythematous lesions. The disease, which is significantly associated with neurological disorders, has high morbidity and severely impacts the quality of life. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY The Autoimmune blistering diseases Task Force of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology sought to update the guidelines for the management of BP based on new clinical information, and new evidence on diagnostic tools and interventions. The recommendations are either evidence-based or rely on expert opinion. The degree of consent among all task force members was included. RESULTS Treatment depends on the severity of BP and patients' comorbidities. High-potency topical corticosteroids are recommended as the mainstay of treatment whenever possible. Oral prednisone at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day is a recommended alternative. In case of contraindications or resistance to corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapies, such as methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate acid, may be recommended. The use of doxycycline and dapsone is controversial. They may be recommended, in particular, in patients with contraindications to oral corticosteroids. B-cell-depleting therapy and intravenous immunoglobulins may be considered in treatment-resistant cases. Omalizumab and dupilumab have recently shown promising results. The final version of the guideline was consented to by several patient organizations. CONCLUSIONS The guidelines for the management of BP were updated. They summarize evidence- and expert-based recommendations useful in clinical practice

Altitude variation in the composition of essential oils, fatty acid methyl esters, and antimicrobial activities of two subspecies of primula vulgaris grown in Turkey

In this study, the changes caused by variation of altitude to the essential oils (EOs), fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and antimicrobial activities of Primula vulgaris Huds. subsp. vulgaris (Pvv) and P. vulgaris Huds. subsp. sibthorpii (Hoffmanns) W.W.Sm. and Forrest (Pvs)) grown in Turkey were investigated. Major fluctuations in the composition of Pvv and Pvs oils included methyl-4-methoxy salicylate (4.5-35.3%; Pvv and 3.2-37.2%; Pvs), (Z,Z,Z)-7,10,13- hexadecatrienal (5.1-21.8%; Pvv and 4.4-15.2%; Pvs ) and flavone (5.5-14.9%; Pvv and 1.6-18.0%; Pvs). Fatty acid profile (C6:0-C26:0) changes were noted in Pvv and Pvs. Methyl hexadecanoate (2.4-9.3%) and methyl octadecanoate (1.0-4.7%) were present in all the FAME samples of the plants. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs of Pvv and Pvs were tested against nine bacterial species, which showed activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varying from 8.5 to 59.2 ?g/mL in all samples, respectively, depending on the altitude at which the oils were obtained

Volatile constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. and Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad

This study was designed to examine the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. and Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed with GC and GC-MS and screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity in a microdilution assay. In total, 25 and 12 compounds were identified from the oil of C. rangiformis and C. furcata, accounting for 89.2 % and 91.6 % of the detected GC peak areas, respectively. The essential oils consisted mainly of alcohols (29.4 % and 1.6 %), ketone (21.7 % and 18.6 %) and hydrocarbons (13.1 % and 57.6 %). The major compound of the essential oils was 3-octanone (21.7 % and 18.6 %), respectively. The inhibitory effects of the essential oils of C. rangiformis and C. furcata, were tested against seven bacterial species using the disc-diffusion method and C. rangiformis oil exhibited the antimicrobial and antifungal activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans (MIC = 306.2 ?g/?L, each), whereas, C. furcata oil showed only antifungal activity against the pathogenic yeast C. albicans (MIC = 784.4 ?g/?L)

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Viburnum opulus, Viburnum lantana and Viburnum orientala

The composition of the essential oils obtained from the air-dried Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana were analyzed by GC-MS. 40 and 53 Components were identified in the essential oils and the main component of these taxons were phytol and occidenol in the ratios 7.8 and 6.3 % from V. opulus and V. lantana, respectively. The isolated essential oils of V. opulus, V. lantana and V. orientala were also tested for antimicrobial activity against the bacteria E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, S. aureus, B. cereus and the fungus C. tropicalis, at maximum essential oil concentrations in hexane of 250.500 and 1000 ?g/mL, respectively, though no activity was observed against all the test microorganisms for V. lantana and V. opulus. However, the essential oil of the V. orientale showed weak antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria

Comparative essential oil analysis of Calendula arvensis L. extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave distillation and antimicrobial activities

The present study was to investigate the influence of the extraction methods on yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Calendula arvensis L. The volatiles of C. arvensis have been isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave distillation (MD). The compositions of the essential oils were characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 45 and 44 compounds were identified, constituting over 88.3 % and 84.8 % of oil composition of C. arvensis, respectively. Sesquiterpenes (HD: 30.5 % and MD: 23.4 %) and monoterpene compounds (HD: 26.3 % and MD: 24.3 %) were shown to be the main group of volatiles. The major terpene constituent of the essential oils of C. arvensis was a-selinene (HD, 16.0 % and MD, 0.0 %), ?-pinene (HD, 11.9 % and MD, 12.3 %), (Z)-a-santalol (HD, 8.2 % and MD, 7.4 %), d-amorphene (HD, 0.0 % and MD, 8.0 %), (Z)-sesquilavandulol (HD, 4.8 % and MD, 0.0 %), 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene (HD, 2.6 % and MD, 3.7 %), viridiflorene (HD, 2.5 % and MD, 1.7 %) and ?-pinene (HD, 1.8 % and MD, 2.4 %). Comparative study showed that the amount of total volatiles (88.3 % and 84.8 %) and the identified constituent (45 and 44) were found to be similar in both HD and MD of C. arvensis. The terpenoid contents (HD: 73.5 % and MD: 65.3 %) were greater in HD of C. arvensis. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated essential oils, hexane, ether and methanolic extracts of the plant were also investigated and only the essential oil (HD) and methanolic extract showed moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus with in the range of 105-210 ìg, respectively. But all the extract showed good antituberculose activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (13.2-62.5 ìg)

Antimicrobial activity and volatile constituents of the flower, leaf, and stem of Paeonia daurica grown in Turkey

The volatile constituents of the essential oils from the flower, leaf, and stem of Paeonia daurica Andrews were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 74 compounds were identified, constituting over 95.0%, 80.8%, and 98.2% of the oil composition of the flower, leaf, and stem of P. daurica, respectively. Aldehydes were shown to be the main group of constituents of the flower and stem parts, at 39.1% and 79.8%, respectively. However, the major group in the leaf oil was found to be oxygenated monoterpenes (43.5%). Salicylaldehyde (20.7% and 79.5%) was the major component of the flower and stem oils of P. daurica, respectively. Linalool (31.4%) was the main compound of the leaf oil. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oils of the plant was also investigated, and they showed moderate antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms. © 2011 Tübïtak

Antimicrobial activity and a comparative essential oil analysis of Centaurea pulcherrima Willd. var. pulcherrima extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave distillation

PubMed: 21902569The essential oils of Centaurea pulcherrima Willd. var. pulcherrima (Asteraceae) were isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) and a microwave distillation (MD), than characterised by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 58 and 57 compounds were identified, constituting over 93.7%, and 91.6% of volatile oil composition of C. pulcherrima var. pulcherrima, respectively. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were shown to be the main group of constituents (HD: 42.4% versus MD: 51.5%). The major component of the oils of C. pulcherrima var. pulcherrima was germacrene D (HD, 17.8% versus MD, 23.2%). The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oils of the plant was also investigated, and they showed good antibacterial activity against to tested Gram-positive bacteria, especially to M. smegmatis and a yeast-like fungus C. albicans. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.This work was supported by grants from Karadeniz Technical University Research Fund and State Planning Agency (DPT) of Turkey. We thank to Prof S. Terziog? lu for identification of the plant

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the flower, leaf, and stem of Senecio pandurifolius

The essential oils from the fresh flower, leaf, and stem of Senecio pandurifolius (Asteraceae) were isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of forty-five, sixty, and forty-two compounds were identified, constituting over 90.1%, 88.0%, and 89.0% of oil composition of the flower, leaf, and stem of S. pandurifolius, respectively. The chemical profile reveals the dominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (flower: 42.4%, leaf: 43.4%, stem: 52.3%). The main components of essential oils own to S. pandurifolius were ?-cuprenene (30.7%) in flower, ?-zingiberene (16.1%) in leaf and ?- curcumene (14.9%) in stem. Terpene related compounds were in minor amounts in all parts (flower: 1.4%, leaf: 1.5%, stem: 1.9%) of the S. pandurifolius. Also there was no monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes in the essential oil of the stem. In addition, antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of S. pandurifolius were investigated. The oils showed activity against Gram positive bacteria, mycobacterium and fungi, but not Gram negative bacteria. A high antimycobacterial activity was observed with leaf essential oil, which deserves further investigation to determine its active components. © 2011 Reproduction is free for scientific studies

Comparison of Elemental Analysis for Different Kind of Papers by Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer

In this study, comparative analyses of different 27 brand papers widely used in Turkey as ashes of paper in the form of pellets. The white paper and photocopied paper have been analyzed by using the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer system. The analyses indicated the elemental concentration values for specimens in parts per million. Besides, Pearson correlation relations were calculated with statistical package for the social sciences. When the obtained values in this study are examined carefully, it is evident that the changing content of paper is considerable. The aim of this study is to compare the original paper with photocopied paper and ashes of paper in terms of elemental concentration. It is believed that the obtained results in this study will contribute to the data base on the paper elemental characterization. © 2017, Chemical Publishing Co. All rights reserved

Phenylenediamine, salicylic acid, stoichiometry, formation constant, speplot, metal complexes

The present work describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Campanula olympica Boiss. which was isolated from the all parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Nineteen components representing 94.0 % of the total oil were characterized and the main components of this specie were found to be 2E,6Z-farnesol (14.8 %), 3,3-dimethyl- 2[5-methoxy-3-methyl-2-pentylidenen]-1- cyclohexanone (12.1 %), dehydro aromadendrane (11.6 %), tetracosane (9.0 %), pentacosane (7.9 %), epoxy alloaromadendrene (5.9 %) and cyclohexadecanolide (5.8 %). The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oil of the plant was also investigated and it showed moderate antimicrobial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Candida albicans