Genotypic characterization of extracellular enzyme producing thermophilic bacteria in Balçova Geothermal Region

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir, 2003Includes bibliographical references (leaves:75-86)Text in English;Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 86 leavesThermophiles are the organisms which are adapted to live at high temperatures. The enzymes from thermophiles find a number of commercial applications because of their thermostability and thermoactivity. Therefore, the isolation of thermophilic bacteria from natural sources and their identification are very important in terms of discovering new industrial enzymes.In keeping with this view, Balçova Geothermal Region could serve as a good source for new thermophilic microorganisms with novel industrially important properties.The aim of this research was therefore the isolation of industrially important extracellular enzyme producing thermophilic bacteria from Balçova Geothermal Region and their identification by genetical means. 16S-ITS rDNA RFLP, plasmid profiling and pulsed field gel electrophoresis studies were performed for this purpose.112 thermophilic strains were isolated from various environmental samples collected within Balçova Geothermal Region. These strains were screened for the existence of 6 extracellular enzyme activities. These were, lipases, amylases, proteases, xylanases, cellulases and pectinases. In total, 110 lipase (tween 20 as substrate), 106 amylase, 55 protease, 28 xylanase, 10 cellulase and 3 pectinase activities were detected.Some other phenotypic tests were also performed for these isolated strains. Since all the isolated strains were Gram (+), endospore forming rods, they were identified as Bacillus sp.16S-ITS rDNA RFLP and plasmid RFLP profiles were produced by using two restriction endonucleases Taq I and Hae III . The isolated strains were clustered into eleven groups by Taq I restriction profiles of 16S-ITS rDNA while nine groups were obtained by Hae III digestion profiles. When these groups were compared, it was concluded that 17 genotypically different strains existed in total 112 isolates. Two of the isolated strains yielded similar RFLP profiles to those of Bacillus stearothermophilus (CECT 43) reference strain.Plasmid profiling was also performed. It was found that 23 of the isolated strains contained plasmid DNA. Hae III restriction profiles indicated the existence of three different types of plasmids.PFGE optimization studies by Sma I restriction endonuclease for thermophilic Bacilli were also performed. A new method for preparation of agarose plugs was developed

Analysis of higher education in Turkey from the strategic management perspective and application of Ibn Haldun University

The aim of this study is to examine and assess Ibn Haldun University, which aims to be in a different place in the higher education area by having distinctive targets based on the social dynamics of Turkey in today's rapidly transforming and changing world, with regard to Strategic Management Factors. Based on this, we will assess Ibn Haldun University, which finds insufficient to address education completely with the acceptance of the West, tries to establish a system with its own values within the scope of the strategic management model. Each society has sub-systems based on their systems. The systems such as education, economy and law are the subsystems which should be shaped based on the dynamics of a society. Trying to apply these areas by merely copying from other societies will cause great problems for that society. At this point, it is important to examine and assess the educational approach adopted by IHU is important in terms of analyzing university education systems in Turkey. Also, within the scope of this study, it is aimed that the comparison of the educational system applied in Ibn Haldun University with the other universities operating in Turkey becomes an eye-opening point of view in terms of the development of the higher education system in Turkey. In the study, SWOT and blue ocean strategies, which are among the Strategic Management applications, were used. The analyses made were discussed within the scope of IHU educational activities and views were presented on the activity areas of Turkey Higher Education Institutions based on the results obtained. Abovementioned Strategic Management applications were applied at IHU under different topics and they contributed to the assessment

Investing in Indonesia’s Education: Allocation, Equity, and Efficiency of Public Expenditures

What is the current level and main characteristics of public education spending in Indonesia? Is education spending insufficient? Is education spending efficient and equitable? This study reports the first account of Indonesia’s aggregated (national and sub-national) spending on education, as well as the economic and sub-functional (by programs) composition of education expenditures. It presents estimations of the expected (average) level of education spending for a country with similar economic and social characteristics. It sheds light on efficiency and equity of education spending by presenting social rates of return by level of education, an assessment of the adequacy of current teacher earnings relative to other paid workers, the distribution of teachers across urban, rural, and remote regions, and the determinants of education enrollment. It concludes that the current challenges in Indonesia are not anymore defined by the need to increase spending on the supply side, but rather to improve the quality of education services, and to improve the efficiency of education expenditures by re-allocating teachers to undersupplied regions and re-adjusting the spending mix within and between education programs of future additional spending in the sector. The study finds that poverty and student-aged labor are also significant constraints to education enrollment, stressing the importance of policies aimed to address demand-side factors affecting education access in Indonesia.education Indonesia; expenditures education Indonesia; Indonesia's education; quality education; efficiency of education expenditures; equity of education expenditures; rates of return; teacher wages indonesia; education 20% rule Indonesia

Belagat iliminde haber ve inşa : Bakara Suresi örneği

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bakara sûresini Haber ve İnşa üslûbu açısından inceleyen bu çalışma genel olarak iki bölüm, giriş ve sonuçtan oluşmaktadır. Giriş kısmında çalışmanın amacı, önemi, kaynakları, Meâni ilmi ve onun bir bölümü olan haber ve inşa üslûbundan kısaca bahsedilmiştir. İlk bölümde haber-inşâ üslûbundan haberî cümlenin belâgat alimleri tarafından yapılan tanımları, muktezâ ve hal kavramlarının tanımları, haberî cümlenin kuruluş amaçları, mecazi amaçları, haberî cümlenin çeşitleri, cümleyi pekiştiren tekid edatları ve haberî cümlenin muktezâ-yı zahirin dışına çıkılarak kullanılmasından bahsedilmiştir. Haberî cümleden sonra inşâ-î cümle, inşâ-î cümlenin tanımı, gayesi ve kısımlarından -emir, nehiy, istifham, temenni ve nida- ve bunların mecazi maksatlarından bahsedilmiştir. İkinci bölümde Bakara sûresi hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş, Bakara sûresinin âyetleri haber ve inşâ üslûbu açısından ayrı bölümler halinde incelenerek haber-inşâ üslûbunun sûre üzerinde tatbiki yapılmıştır. Sonuç kısmında yapılan çalışmalardan ve elde edilen sonuçlardan ve araştırmanın yararlarından kısaca bahsedilmiştir.In the present study, analysis of Sura al-Bakarah from the perspectives of Haber (constative) and Inşa (performative) approaches has been covered in two parts consisting of introduction and conclusion. In the introduction, in conjunction with the purpose, the importance and the sources of the study; Meâni knowledge and being applied as a part of Meâni knowledge, Haber and İnşa approaches are also briefly mentioned. In the first part of the study, the definitions of Haberî sentence in Haber - Inşâ approaches that are made by rhetoric scholars, the definitions of muktezâ and hal, the purposes of building haberî sentences and the ways of building metaphorical sentences, the variations of haberî sentences, prepositions of tekîd that consolidate the sentence, and the use of haberî sentence out of the borders of muktezâ-yı zahir are discussed. Subsequent to the discussions of haberî sentence, inşaî sentence and its definition, its purpose and its parts –imperative, prohibition, question, temenni (wish), exclamation- and the metaphorical purposes of these parts are adverted. In the second part of the study, an outline of Sura al-Bakarah is given and by analysing, in different parts, the verses of Sura al-Bakarah from the perspectives of Haber and Inşa approaches, the conformation of Haber - Inşa approaches is made on thesura. In the conclusion, the studies that has been done, the results that has been gathered and the profits of the study are briefly mentioned

Investing in Indonesia's education : allocation, equity, and efficiency of public expenditures

What are the current trends and main characteristics of public education spending in Indonesia? Is education spending insufficient? Are expenditures in education efficient and equitable? This study reports the first account of Indonesia's aggregated (national and sub-national) spending on education, as well as the economic composition of education spending and its breakdown by programs. It presents estimations of the expected (average) level of education spending for a country with its economic and social characteristics. This analysis sheds light on the efficiency and equity of education spending by presenting social rates of return by level of education, by assessing the adequacy of current teacher earnings relative to other paid workers and the distribution of teachers across urban, rural, and remote regions, and by identifying the main determinants of education enrollment. It concludes that the current challenges in Indonesia are no longer defined by the need of additional spending, but rather the need to improve the quality of education services, and to improve the efficiency of education expenditures by re-allocating teachers to undersupplied regions and re-adjusting the spending mix within and between education programs for future additional spending in the sector. The study finds that poverty and student-aged labor are also significant constraints to education enrollment, stressing the importance of policies aimed at addressing demand-side factors.Education For All,Primary Education,Tertiary Education,Teaching and Learning,

Turkish Academics’ and Students’ Views of English Grammar Teaching: Explicit or Implicit?

The purpose of this study is to find out Turkish academics’ and students’ beliefs about the role of grammar teaching and their preferences for grammar instruction approaches (i.e. explicit or implicit). By comparing the views of these two groups, it attempts to reveal whether teachers and students have common and different perceptions towards the phenomenon of L2 grammar instruction. For this purpose, a two-stage study was designed. 49 Turkish academics teaching English at a state university in Turkey took part in the first stage. Their views about the role and way of grammar teaching were obtained mainly through a four-point Likert-type questionnaire, which consisted of 29 items with three sections (viz. Explicit instruction, Implicit instruction, and General attitudes to the teaching of grammar). The same questionnaire was adapted in a way that makes it possible to attain the views held by students. In the second stage, this questionnaire was applied to the students who were learning English as a foreign language at the same school. Open-ended questions were also added to teacher and student questionnaires in order to obtain the reasons for their preferences. The quantitative data were analysed and both groups’ replies were statistically compared.  Results showed that Turkish academics and students give great importance to grammar instruction, and they favour explicit grammar instruction rather than implicit grammar instruction. Keywords: English grammar teaching, explicit grammar instruction, implicit grammar instruction, academics’ views, students’ views

Cost Benefit Analysis Of The Structures Designed For Alternative Seismic Hazard Levels

In this study, multiple performance objectives under the various earthquake hazard levels are investigated. In case of well defined earthquake hazard, as an alternative of classical earthquake resistant design principles, it is possible to design structures at different performances depending on structure's initial cost and economic life. In this study, costs of the structure with different performance levels are discussed.Current study is carried out on the reinforced concrete structures that are designed and analyzed for various seismic hazard levels. The aim is to determine, if the risk is released, whether the economic losses can be acceptable or not. In the study, cost of reinforced concrete ductile frames and dual systems that are designed for various seismic performances, are also compared for the economical aspects.To that end, in the first step 3, 5 and 8 storey frames and dual systems of several structures at Life Safety and Immediate Occupancy performance levels was designed for the earthquake hazards of 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The study reveals that if both direct and indirect effects of earthquake such as retrofitting costs, cost of temporary moving, temporary accommodation costs, cost of demolition and reconstructing the building, cost of damage to household goods and business disruption, social disturbance, are be taken into consideration, initial design performance level can be accepted as Immediate Occupancy performance level rather than Life Safety performance which is proposed current earthquake codes. The cost due to injuries and cost due to loss of lives are not included

University students' mobile game profiles and playing habits

Günümüzde internet ve bilgisayar kullanımı, mobil teknoloji ürünlerinin gelişmesiyle birlikte farklı bir boyut kazanmış, bu ürünlerin kolay ulaşılabilir ve taşınabilir olması yaşamın vazgeçilmez unsurları arasında yerini almasını sağlamıştır. Araştırmada dijital oyun kavramı ve türleri, üniversite öğrencilerinin mobil oyun alışkanlıkları ve tercihleri incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın temel amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin mobil oyunlara bakışı ve oynama alışkanlıklarını belirlemektir. Araştırmada Kastamonu Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar ve Tasarım Fakültesi öğrencileri örneklem grubu olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında öğrencilere yapılandırılmış anket formu uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin mobil cihazlarını en çok sosyal medya ve internet için kullandıkları, mobil oyun oynayanların genellikle aksiyon/macera oyunlarını tercih ettikleri, yeni çıkan mobil oyunlardan en çok arkadaşları tarafından haberdar oldukları, oyun oynama amaçlarının zevk eğlence olduğu, mobil oyunların yabancı dil öğrenimine kısmen katkı sağladığı ve boş zamanlarını genellikle oyun oynayarak geçirdikleri bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır

Glycomimicry: Display of the GM3 sugar epitope on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium

Oligosaccharides present on the surface of pathogenic bacteria play an important role in their interaction with their host. Bacteria with altered cell surface structures can be used to study these interactions, and glycoengineering represents a tool to display a glycoepitope on a different bacterium. Here, we present non-pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the sialyllactose oligosaccharide epitope of the ganglioside GM3. By expression of the galactosyltransferase LgtE and the sialic acid transferase Lst as well as the CMP-sialic acid synthetase SiaB from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis in engineered strains devoid of the sialic acid catabolism, the GM3 sugar epitope was displayed on these bacteria as demonstrated by live cell immunostaining and a detailed analysis of their lipooligosaccharides. These strains offer the possibility to investigate the role of sialic acid in the recognition of bacteria by the immune system in a non-pathogenic backgroun

Glycomimicry: display of fucosylation on the lipo-oligosaccharide of recombinant Escherichia coli K12

We recently described the design of Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium to display the gangliomannoside 3 (GM3) antigen on the cell surface [1]. We report here the fucosylation of modified lipooligosaccharide in a recombinant E.coli strain with a truncated lipid A core due to deletion of the core glycosyltransferases genes waaO and waaB. This truncated structure was used as a scaffold to assemble the Lewis Y motif by consequent action of the heterologously expressed β-1,4 galactosyltransferase LgtE (Neisseria gonorrheae), the β-1,3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase LgtA and the β-1,3 galactosyltransferase LgtB from Neisseria meningitidis, as well as the α-1,2 and α-1,3 fucosyltransferases FutC and FutA from Helicobacter pylori. We show the display of the Lewis Y structure by immunological and chemical analysi