Acupuncture and needle-stimulation, differences in concepts and methods

Based on related elaboration of the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine, this article analyzed and summarized the clinical meaning, application principles and the basic operating methods of Traditional Acupuncture (TA), and demonstrated that the TA is completely different to modern needle stimulation. TA has a specific application background, direct-viewing thinking mode and clear operational connotation. The key of operation in TA is how to grasp and control Qi, which typically reflect the unique image of the Chinese civilization with intuitive perceptual characteristics of thinking. In contrast, modern needle-stimulation uses needles as a stimulus, to activate a series of physical and functional reactions in a body. There have great differences between the two. It was indicated that correctly understanding with the basic principle and specific meaning of TA is very important in acupuncture clinical and research works.published_or_final_versio

穴位的起源

Acupoints originated from the ancient belief that diseases were caused by ghosts and evil spirits haunting the body. Acupoints were believed to be where the ghost and evil spirits hid, and thus, the rationale for healing was to expel the ghost and evil spirits directly from the diseased body part. Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), an ancient Chinese medical text, mentions "pain as the point" in describing how to locate and manipulate the acupoint. During the era in which Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) was written, the wide applications of filiform needle acupuncture expedited the amalgamation between acupoint and meridian theories. As a result, the concept of acupoints were further strengthened and expanded in their structures and functions. In the meantime, acupoints had developed to become the key points for qi and blood circulating inside the human body rather than where evil spirits hid. The formation and finalization of acupoints actually reveal a historical progression from witchcraft to medicine. © 2012 Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.postprin

How Big is an Acupoint?

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Hom-quantum groups I: quasi-triangular Hom-bialgebras

We introduce a Hom-type generalization of quantum groups, called quasi-triangular Hom-bialgebras. They are non-associative and non-coassociative analogues of Drinfel'd's quasi-triangular bialgebras, in which the non-(co)associativity is controlled by a twisting map. A family of quasi-triangular Hom-bialgebras can be constructed from any quasi-triangular bialgebra, such as Drinfel'd's quantum enveloping algebras. Each quasi-triangular Hom-bialgebra comes with a solution of the quantum Hom-Yang-Baxter equation, which is a non-associative version of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. Solutions of the Hom-Yang-Baxter equation can be obtained from modules of suitable quasi-triangular Hom-bialgebras.Comment: 21 page

Deformation of dual Leibniz algebra morphisms

An algebraic deformation theory of morphisms of dual Leibniz algebras is obtained.Comment: 10 pages. To appear in Communications in Algebr

Zooming in on local level statistics by supersymmetric extension of free probability

We consider unitary ensembles of Hermitian NxN matrices H with a confining potential NV where V is analytic and uniformly convex. From work by Zinn-Justin, Collins, and Guionnet and Maida it is known that the large-N limit of the characteristic function for a finite-rank Fourier variable K is determined by the Voiculescu R-transform, a key object in free probability theory. Going beyond these results, we argue that the same holds true when the finite-rank operator K has the form that is required by the Wegner-Efetov supersymmetry method of integration over commuting and anti-commuting variables. This insight leads to a potent new technique for the study of local statistics, e.g., level correlations. We illustrate the new technique by demonstrating universality in a random matrix model of stochastic scattering.Comment: 38 pages, 3 figures, published version, minor changes in Section

Rigorous Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation

The time dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation describes the dynamics of initially trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. We present a rigorous proof of this fact starting from a many-body bosonic Schroedinger equation with a short scale repulsive interaction in the dilute limit. Our proof shows the persistence of an explicit short scale correlation structure in the condensate.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur