The impact of cohabitation at democracy sustainability in mixed electoral countries: Comparative study between Lithuania and Palestine

The authors have found a gap in studies regarding the relation between cohabitation and mixed electoral system in Lithuania and Palestine.Elgie & McMenamin (2011) has argued that cohabitation is less likely to occur when there are few or many parties in electoral system; against this statement, we argue that cohabitation is more likely to occur when electoral fractionalization is high.In the present study, by comparative method among three samples of mixed legislative elections, Lithuanian 1992, Lithuanian 1996 and Palestinian 2006, we find evidence about relation between electoral fractionalization and polarization toward big parties. That relation may explain the likelihood of cohabitations’ electoral conditions

The Roles of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Assisting Refugees: From Malaysia Context

This conceptual paper is to determine the contribution of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s) in Malaysia towards refugees in terms assisting to provide basic accommodation. The main questions in this study is how NGO assisting refugees to access basic facilities in Malaysia. This study also will address the responses and challenges faced by refugees to access basic necessities. NGO’s in Malaysia has various responsibilities in assisting refugees especially issues related to the serious illness and place for settlements. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) role in leading NGO’s in Malaysia in providing international protection and long-term solutions with cooperation from government policies will be discussed. Execution of policies and programs has many challenges and limitations which will be discussed in this conceptual paper

Cohabitation under mixed electoral system in foreign imposed democracy countries “theoretical study” case study; Palestinian legislative election 2006

We develop a model to explain the relationship between mixed electoral system and democracy sustained through cohabitation.This model takes in account nascent democracy as foreign imposed democracy countries.We find a strong relation between mixed electoral system and likelihood of cohabitation through analysis of Palestinian legislative election in 2006.This relation reflects the impact of both factors, Independent candidates, and polarization to big parties.The model suggests that if sustainability democracy tends to survive, more effort should be taken in this field, such as, changing institutional factors, reducing presidential power, reducing threatening of occupation, and improving con-socialism condition

Protection: challenges to the United Nations High Commission for Refugee and Malaysia’s government

Refugee or asylum seekers are more than simply a human rights issue.Refugee movements are also an essential part of international politics.This study will delve into the Malaysian government and United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) challenges for the protection of refugee in Malaysia.The UNHCR operation in Malaysia is not without problems.Even though Malaysia is not a signatory to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, that does not mean that nothing can be done to protect the refugees in the country.The reasons Malaysia should cooperate with UNHCR needs to be addressed rapidly to find a long term solution for this problem.This will then followed by analyzing Malaysia’s international commitment and obligation relating to Refugee in general .Discussion will touch on the role of Malaysia as a state party to the United Nation(UN) and it’s refusal to ratify the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugee (CRSR).Other dimension of this paper is the highlight of the mechanism that Malaysia’s government should adapt to assist the UNHCR in resolving the challenges. Finding of this study will show the extent of protection offered to refugees under domestic laws and the reasons why Malaysia should fulfill its international obligation towards refugee and also the further effort that must be initiated to clinch compliance to protection under international law

Political risk and foreign direct investment in Nigeria: new empirical evidence

The positive effect of globalization has continued to impact FDI inflow to developing countries during the last decade except for the rising influence of political risk in host locations. Mixed outcomes have trailed the findings related to the studies on FDI and political risk relationship and in particular on African countries like Nigeria.This paper investigated the effect of political risk on FDI inflow to Nigeria using secondary data from 2000 to 2014 using simple linear regression. The study combined from select variables, the institutional factors with location determinants peculiar to Nigeria’s risk environment. It is found that political risk holds a positive and significant association with FDI to Nigeria but not close enough to inhibit the inflow of foreign investment to the country.However, the findings provide a strong basis for policy shift in relation to security, country promotion and rebranding as well strengthening of institutions

Role of the U.S. interests in Iraq – Kuwait relations after 2003

Iraqi – Kuwaiti relations is one of the most contentious relations in the Arab Gulf region, whereby these relationships encountered significant tension and instability during U.S. occupation of Iraq 2003-2011, as a result of the development of a set of political and economic problems. e.g., the border demarcation between the two countries, debt and compensation, establishment of the Mubarak Kuwait port, and continuation of the sanctions imposed on Iraq by United Nation (UN) after Second Gulf war. The U.S.interests are reflected directly on the conflict and cooperation relations between Iraq and Kuwait. This study therefore, examines the nature Iraqi – Kuwaiti relations in light of the divergent interests of U.S. after Saddam’s regime

Re-appraising the influence of location advantages in the political risk and foreign direct investment relationship: A conception

This paper takes a conceptual step to analyze the link between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and political risk by extending to include location and its potential advantages as possible risk mitigating factors earlier neglected by international investors and international business scholars.Where location factors are beneficial they are expected to override the mounting political risks as the best risk hedging mechanism. We re-appraised this relationship by supporting the existing literature on location dynamics, its determinants and decisions on international investment.The paper further contribute to literature by supporting the clamor for moving away from region or country analysis to within country assessment in order to favor available location benefits considered crucial in mitigating political risk.The growing relevance of within country analysis can lead to finding how best to minimize political risk impact on FDI inflow

Translating concept of al-hakimiyya (sovereignty) into practice: a study on the implementation of Islamic law during the first Muslim conquest of Islamic Jerusalem (Bayt Al-Maqdis)

An investigation on the Muslim concept of al-Hakimiyya (sovereignty) highlights judicial aspect as among the important one. Therefore, this research attempts to examine approaches taken by Muslim rulers in translating concept of al-Hakimiyya by choosing one of the most conflicting region, namely Islamicjerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis). By investigating the implementation of Islamic law in Islamicjerusalem during the first Muslim conquest of this region, this paper affirms that Muslims had strategically and successfully translated al-Hakimiyya concept into practice by upholding Islamic law as the backbone of Umar’s Assurance of Safety to the people Islamicjerusalem. This also guided them in initiating appropriate measures to judiciously implement Islamic law by appointing qualified judges and establishing police department since the first Muslim conquest led by 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab

Airport service performance at Abu Dhabi International Airport

To acquire a significant footing in today’s competitive airport environments, enhancing airport service performance for passengers is essential. This study aims to investigate the relationship between queuing time, prime services, security screening, and service performance at Abu Dhabi International Airport in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A quantitative methodology was employed. The sample size for the PLS-SEM analysis and the passengers’ airport service performance was determined to be 230 respondents. The results revealed a significant relationship between queuing time, prime services, security screening, and airport service performance. The findings also demonstrated a significant positive relationship between queuing time and airport service performance (β = 0.193, t = 3.564, p ≤ 0.000), a significant positive relationship between prime services and airport service performance (β = 0.478, t = 9.225, p ≤ 0.000), and a significant positive relationship between security screening and airport service performance (β= 0.227, t = 4.196, p ≤ 0.000). The outcomes are anticipated to support Abu Dhabi International Airport management in making efficient processes to augment airport service accomplishment for passengers from UAE and different countries