To study the burden of anemia in non-communicable diseases in a tertiary care Centre in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) encompass a vast group of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. These behavioural and biological risk factors, with a predisposition to the development of NCDs, are use of tobacco and alcohol, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, increased fat and sodium intake, low fruit and vegetable intake, raised blood pressure (BP), blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Aim: To study the burden of anemia in non-communicable diseases in a tertiary care centre in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.Materials and method: This is an cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Dr.SusheelaTiwari Memorial Government Hospital, Haldwani, from January 2019 to September 2020. Patients of Non communicable diseases (Type-2DM, HTN, CAD) were selected based on inclusion and Exclusion criteria after obtaining written informed consent.Results: In present study, prevalence of anemia was 82 (32.8%). Overall prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in Type 2 DM, hypertensive, and CAD patients as compared to those who did not had Type 2 DM. In similar way higher in patients who have more than 10 years history of diabetes, hypertension and CAD, raised HbA1c(>7.5), SBP ≥ 140, and DBP ≥ 90. Hb and HBA1C lab parameters were statistically significant. Conclusion: The duration of NCDs was directly proportional to the burden of anemia. The burden of anemia was higher in subsets of patients having CAD. The burden of anemia was higher in patients having poor control of diabetes mellitus and blood pressure

Limit of Interference in Optical Instruments

A rigorous theory has been given for the limit of interference in Lummer Gehrcke plate, transmission and reflection echelons and the grating on the lines of Saha's treatment for Fabry-Perot interferometer