Continuous or Transient High Level of Glucose Exposure Differentially Increases Coronary Artery Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Human Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation

We studied effect of high glucose levels on coronary artery endothelial cell proliferation and human colon cancer cell proliferation. To examine the long-term effect of glucose exposure on cell growth, cells were cultured for 14 days in the absence or presence of 183 mg/dL D-glucose addition in the culture medium. Short effect of elevated glucose levels was examined by addition of 183 mg/dL D-glucose addition in the culture medium for just one hour per day followed by changing the culture to standard medium (5.5 mM D-glucose) during the next 23-hours period. Cell proliferation was estimated by 2,3-Bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carbox-anilide (XTT) assay and phosphor-Erk western blot analysis. We found that coronary artery endothelial cell proliferation was significantly increased in the culture medium with the acute one-hour addition of 183 mg/dL D-glucose compared to the absence or chronic presence of 183 mg/dL D-glucose addition in the culture medium. In contrast, colon cancer cell proliferation was significantly increased in the continuous presence of 183 mg/dL D-glucose addition in the culture medium compared to the acute one-hour addition of glucose. The extent of Erk2 phosphorylation paralleled with the relative changes in cellular proliferation in both cell types. Taken together, these results suggested that continuous or transient high level of glucose exposure differentially effects coronary artery endothelial and human colon cancer cell proliferation

Effect of carbohydrate counting using bolus calculators on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

This study examined the long-term efficacy of insulin pump therapy for type 1 diabetes patients when performed using carbohydrate counting with bolus calculators for one year. Twenty-two type 1 diabetes patients who had just started continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion were examined and divided into 2 groups: one that was educated about carbohydrate counting using bolus calculators (n=14) and another that did not use bolus calculators (n=8). After one year, the hemoglobin A1c levels of the patient group that used bolus calculators decreased persistently and significantly (P=0.0297), while those of the other group did not. The body weight, total daily dose of insulin, and bolus percentage of both groups did not change. Carbohydrate counting using bolus calculators is necessary to achieve optimal and persistent glycemic control in patients undergoing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusio

Total arsenic and speciation analysis of saliva and urine samples from individuals living in a chronic arsenicosis area in China

Abstract Background It is generally acknowledged that the determination of harmful chemical compounds excreted into saliva is useful for assessing their exposure levels. The aim of the present study was to compare the total arsenic and its species in saliva and urine samples collected from the people residing in an arsenic-contaminated area of China and to further verify the feasibility of using salivary arsenic as a new biomarker of arsenic exposure. Methods Total arsenic and speciation analyses in urine and saliva samples among 70 residents exposed to arsenic from drinking water in Shanxi, China were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS). Results The result showed that, total arsenic concentration in saliva was relatively lower than in urine samples, but it existed a strong positive correlation with total urinary arsenic, drinking water arsenic and different skin lesions. For arsenic metabolism analyses, AsIII, AsV, MMA, and DMA were detected in all of the urine samples with the dominating species of DMA (73.2%). Different with urinary arsenic species, most arsenic species in saliva were not methylated. The major species in saliva was iAs (AsIII + AsV, 76.18%), followed by DMA (13.08%) and MMA (9.13%). And the primary methylation index (PMI), second methylation index (SMI) and proportion of the four different species (AsIII, AsV, MMA, and DMA) in saliva showed no significant positive relationship with that of in urine. Conclusions These findings indicated saliva may be used as a useful tool for biological monitoring of total arsenic exposure in the crowd rather than an efficient tool for assessing arsenic metabolism in human body after exposed to arsenic

Insulin pump therapy would be favored by pregnant women with diabetes

To evaluate retrospectively the satisfaction of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) compared to multiple daily infusions in Japanese women with diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy, we examined 27 women with type 1 (n = 20) or type 2 (n = 6) diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes (n = 1) who previously used CSII. Among these patients, 19 had used CSII during pregnancy, which accounted for 30 births. Questionnaires were retrospectively administered. The mean age of patients was 36.5 ± 7.0 years. The average birth weight was 3.1 ± 0.6 kg, with 62% of babies exhibiting complications. The satisfaction level of CSII for patients during pregnancy was 3.95 ± 0.26, whereas it was 1.84 ± 0.26 for multiple daily infusions (P < 0.001).CSII was generally viewed favorably by women with diabetes mellitus for glycemic management during pregnancy

HBA1C and mean glucose derived from short term continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) assessment do not correlate in patients with HBA1C >8

Aims: Optimum therapy for patients with diabetes depends on both acute and long-term changes in plasma glucose, generally assessed by HbA1c levels. However, the correlation between HbA1c and circulating glucose has not been fully determined. Therefore, we carefully examined this correlation when glucose levels were assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Methods: 51 patients (70 % women, 30% male) were examined; among them were 28 type 1 patients with diabetes and 23 type 2 patients with diabetes. Clinically determined HbA1c levels were compared with blood glucose determined by CGM during a short time period. Results: Changes of HbA1c levels up to 8.0% showed a clear and statistically strong correlation (R=0.6713, P<0.0001) with mean blood glucose levels measured by CGM, similarly to that observed in the A1c-derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study where patients were monitored for a longer period. However, we found no statistical correlation (R=0.0498, P=0.8298) between HbA1c and CGM-assessed glucose levels in our patient population when HbA1c was greater than 8.0 % Conclusions: Short term CGM appears to be a good clinical indicator of long-term glucose control (HbA1c levels), however cautions should be taken while interpreting CGM data from patients with HbA1c levels above 8.0%. Over or under estimation of the actual mean glucose from CGM data could potentially increase the risks of inappropriate treatment. As such, our results indicate that a more accurate analysis of CGM data might be useful to adequately tailor clinical treatments